- Over 1,500 active volcanoes in the world with lots of heat activity
- Japan has over 100 volcanoes
- Iceland and New Zealand use geothermal energy
- in Japan mount Ontake erupted unexpectedly, trapped hikers and killed over 50 people
- Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma
- A volcano is a rupture in the earth that lets lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas escape
- Hydrothermal energy is the process of obtaining heat or energy from a large body of water
- in order to be a super volcano it has to be magnitude 8
- Layers of the earth are inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, and crust
- Upper mantle also called asthenosphere
- Magma is inside the earth, it becomes lava when it erupts out of a volcano
- Magma chamber can be in the crust and mantle
- it takes 4000 years for water to percolate into the ground and push back up boiling
- Pacific ring of fire has the most volcanic activity in the world
- The pacific plate sinks under north American plate which pulls it southwest like a vacuum
- plate moving in Australia can make or lift mountains, earthquakes, and volcanic activity
- In Hawaii people are leaving because a volcano has lots of activity and might erupt
- Lava comes out top on cone and comes down, then hardens into rock
- There are thousand of earthquakes in Yellowstone each year, but most are so small no one notices
- Last time Yellowstone erupted was 640,000 years ago but it is still active because it has thermal activity
- Pompeii was covered in 16 feet of ash by Mount Vesuvius
- There are 7 major tectonic plates and lots of other small plates
- When volcanoes erupt the create pyroclastic and lava flows
- Volcanoes also create ash clouds which stops planes
- rocks that come out the a volcano are igneous and can be extrusive or intrusive
- Obsidian is an extrusive volcanic rock that is like glass
- Obsidian came out and cooled so fast it became glass like
- Obsidian can be black brown or red
- Obsidian is hard and is a good rock for making tools
- Basalt is not as hard as other rocks
- Basalt melts fast
- Basalt is found in Hawaii
- Rhyolite is grainy and soft
- Granite was pushed up 2 and a half billion years ago
- Caldera is formed when a volcano is rhyolite. It keeps pressure underneath so when it erupts it is so violent it blows the entire cone off. what is left is a hole called a caldera
- underwater volcanoes make islands and underwater mountain ranges
- geothermal energy melted roadways
- places with geo energy are hard to find
- hazardous gases and minerals can come up and are dangerous