Introduction To Human Body Research Paper:
Did you know that our bodies create about a gallon of mucus in just two days! I do. In fact, I know a lot of other interesting information about the human body, and YOU WILL TOO if you read my paper! Within this document, you will find six different body system essays including the muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, which all work together to operate our body. All of these systems have different components, each with their own unique functions that help to keep us alive. However, each system cannot operate alone - they need each other to be successful. For example, the nutrients gathered by the digestive system get distributed throughout the body in the circulatory system! Over the previous 12 weeks, we gathered information, organized our thoughts, and paraphrased what trusted websites taught us about each system. We worked with responsibility partners and our papers definitely benefited from the collaboration. Just like each human body system needs to rely on the other systems, we relied on each other to improve our writing and our process. The following is the result of our hard work...
Did you know that our bodies create about a gallon of mucus in just two days! I do. In fact, I know a lot of other interesting information about the human body, and YOU WILL TOO if you read my paper! Within this document, you will find six different body system essays including the muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, which all work together to operate our body. All of these systems have different components, each with their own unique functions that help to keep us alive. However, each system cannot operate alone - they need each other to be successful. For example, the nutrients gathered by the digestive system get distributed throughout the body in the circulatory system! Over the previous 12 weeks, we gathered information, organized our thoughts, and paraphrased what trusted websites taught us about each system. We worked with responsibility partners and our papers definitely benefited from the collaboration. Just like each human body system needs to rely on the other systems, we relied on each other to improve our writing and our process. The following is the result of our hard work...
Skeletal System:
Our skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. These bones work together to provide our body with support so that we can stand, help us to move so we can walk around, and protect our vital organs like our heart and our brain! Our bones even make and store blood cells for our circulatory system! Without our bones, we would be nothing more than a pile of skin, organs, and muscles on the floor. We wouldn’t be able to move and our organs wouldn’t be safe!
Our bones are made up of many layers. These layers are important because we need our bones to be strong, yet lightweight. In order to achieve this goal, the outside layer of bone is made up of solid, compact bone that makes our bones strong and dense. The next layer of bone is called cancellous (a.k.a. spongy bone). This layer allows our bones to be lightweight and transitions us from compact bone into bone marrow. Bone marrow is a thick and spongy section in the middle of bone where red and white blood cells are formed. Finally, our bones are all covered in a thin membrane called periosteum which is where our muscles attach to bones. So that is how bones are structured in order to keep our bodies strong, yet lightweight!
Although bones are extremely important, we wouldn’t be able to move without joints! Joints are places where two or more bones meet. There are several types of joints in our bodies, but we’ll just focus on four of them. The first type of joint is called a hinge joint. Just like the hinges on a door, they allow movement back and forth. We have hinge joints at our elbows and knees, and we even have them in our knuckles! Another type of joint is called a ball and socket joint. This is where one bone has a ball at the end of it and the other bone has a “baseball mitt” for the ball to sit in. Our shoulders and hips are examples of ball and socket joints. The third type of joint that we studied was called a gliding joint. Gliding joints are places where two or more bones meet and slide past each other. Our wrists and ankles are two examples of gliding joints. The last type of joint is called the pivot joint. A pivot joint works when one bone acts like a ring and the other bone sits inside the ring and rotates. Our neck is an example of a pivot joint because it can rotate around and move up and down. At each joint a soft, squishy material can be found between bones which keeps them from rubbing each other which would be painful. This material is called cartilage. Cartilage, which is bendable, can also be found in our ears and nose. But all of this wouldn’t be possible if it weren’t for ligaments holding all of our bones together at each joint. Ligaments are long, stretchy tissue that connect bone to other bone and stabilize joints. Without these ligaments in place, bones wouldn’t stay attached to each other and wouldn’t allow joints to move. It’s interesting to note that people who are double-jointed actually just have extremely stretchy ligaments! Joints definitely make movement possible and without them, we’d have a hard time getting around our world!
Bones definitely are important parts of the human body. They allow us to move, help provide us structure and support, protect our important organs, and even make blood cells! Because bones are designed so well, they are strong, yet lightweight. Thanks to joints, ligaments, and cartilage, we are able to bend and move throughout our world. Finally, the muscles in our body attach to bones, giving us the power to actually move around!
Muscular System:
The muscular system helps the human body move around and have fun. Let’s say you want to move your arms around, eat a sandwich, or run, you use muscles! There are many different types of muscles, and they all serve different purposes (e.g. movement, pumping blood, dilating your pupils). Some of these purposes are controlled by us, while others are controlled automatically by the muscle cell or the brain.
There are two types of categories of muscles in the human body: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that we have control over. They are the muscles that control our body’s movements and are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscle in our body. They pull on bones to cause us to move. Skeletal muscles never push, they only pull, and that’s why they are nearly always found in pairs. One example of this is the biceps and triceps that are located in our upper arms. When the biceps want to pull the lower arm up, they contract or shrink, while the triceps relax or expand. When the triceps want to pull the arm down, they contract while the biceps relax. This is an example of a pair of muscles working together to make movement. But those muscles wouldn’t be able to do any of this without tendons connecting them to the bones that they move! Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that blend into bones and enable them to move the bones that they were supposed to move. Although skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles, there are two different types of involuntary muscle!
Unlike voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles do things automatically without us knowing it. There are two examples of involuntary muscles. They are cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Cardiac and smooth muscles are similar because they work automatically, by themselves. Cardiac muscles are muscles that are found only in our heart, and are responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. They work without us thinking about them, and they contract and relax throughout our entire lives. Smooth muscles are found inside many of our organs (e.g. intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bladder), and help move food through our body. Smooth muscles can also be found in your eyes and your blood vessels. Smooth muscle cells may look like one big cell, but are actually a bunch of smaller, smooth cells all grouped together (unlike the striated, skeletal cells). So clearly, there are many types of involuntary muscles in our body that do things we had no idea about. Including important tasks like pumping blood and digesting food!
The muscular system is a powerful system that allows us to move, convert food into energy, and circulate blood throughout our body. Our muscles make up over half of our body weight and give our body tone and shape. In the next essay, learn how some of these muscles move blood throughout our body in order to deliver oxygen to all of our cells.
Circulatory System:
Humans can’t survive without the circulatory system. It consists of blood, blood vessels and the heart. This system pumps blood to every inch of our body. If we didn’t have the circulatory system we couldn’t spread the nutrients we need,get rid of waste products,fight diseases or use our muscles to move.
The human body can’t survive without blood. Our body has many organs that rely on blood to keep them going. Blood goes around your body to deliver oxygen and nutrients. This liquid also has four different parts: Red blood cells, White Blood cells, Plasma and Platelets. Blood helps us fight diseases and get rid of our waste products. One part of blood is white blood cells. White blood cells fight off diseases and kill germs to maintain our health. There are many reasons why we need white blood cells. Red blood cells contain iron-rich protein hemoglobin. This substance is what picks up the oxygen at the lungs and distributes it to the rest of the body. Platelets are the cells on your scabs and under bruises. When your blood vessel breaks the platelets come to close the gap, then is becomes a bruise. Or when you cut yourself platelets come and make the scab. Platelets only survive about nine days in your blood vessels but are constantly being replaced by new ones. Plasma transfers nutrients,hormones and protein to the body. Plasma also takes waste products from other cells and removes them from the body. So blood is what keeps our body running by covering cuts, fighting infection, delivering oxygen and getting rid of waste products. Blood is a vital part of the human body, but how does it get across the body?
So now you know what blood does, but how does blood get transferred from the heart to the rest of the body? Your blood vessels deliver that blood to the entire human body, and back to the heart! Your arteries take blood away from the heart and to the tissue. They also experience the highest blood pressure. The veins do the opposite, they take the blood back to the heart to be pumped back out. The muscles squeeze and contract to keep it from flowing in the wrong direction. The capillaries are the vessels that transfer the blood from the veins and arteries to the tissue. They also drop off the nutrients,oxygen and waste products. The blood vessels carry blood to the body, but, what pumps the blood to the body? It’s an obvious question I know, but how does the heart work?
The heart is in the center of the lungs and it pumps blood through the body. The four chambers of the heart each have a purpose to help pump blood throughout the body. They are: the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle. The left atrium is a holding place for the blood that has just come back from it’s trip to the lungs. While it was in the lungs it got oxygenated. Now the blood is ready to be sent through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the thickest heart chamber because it has to pump oxygenated blood throughout the whole body. It is pumped out through the aortic valve. Once the blood goes through the body, deoxygenated blood comes back to the right atrium. It enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava. Then it moves to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. The right ventricle then pumps the blood through the pulmonary artery where it goes to the lungs to be oxygenated. Then the cycle starts over.
So the circulatory system is the reason you can move,fight diseases,get rid of waste products. This system also includes many other vital organs that this paper did not consist of. Also if you want more info please look at the bibliography.
Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is a passage of airways that leads to the lungs and back up to your mouth. It puts the oxygen into blood. It gives you the air you need to survive. In this section you will learn how air enters the body and all the steps along the way.
When the air enters the body it comes in through the mouth or nasal passage, then the epiglottis, to the Larynx, next the Trachea and it splits into two bronchial tubes into the lungs. The nasal cavity is a hollow space with many hairs and mucus to filter the air that comes in. The mouth or oral cavity is a wider space which allows more air in and out. Though it lacks the hairs and mucus that filter the air. The nasal passage has mucus and hairs to filter the air. The mucus also protects you from nosebleeds. The epiglottis protects your windpipe from food falling down it. The larynx does a similar thing, it protects the other end of the windpipe from falling food. The vocal cords in the larynx make a V shape, when they squeeze together the air comes through that creates the sound that comes out of our mouths. The trachea let’s the air come through into two bronchial tubes. But what do the bronchial tubes lead to?
Air enters the body and lungs repeatedly every day of your life. Your lungs are the biggest organ in the body. They filter air to let you breath and talk. The bronchial tubes let the air into the lungs. Bronchi are the next air way in the lungs. Bronchiolus are the smallest passageways in the lungs. They reach into the alveoli where the gas exchange takes place. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that pumps the lungs up and down to push air out and back out of your mouth.
The respiratory system goes from you breathing through your mouth to the alveoli gas exchange. Without it we would suffocate and die. The respiratory system brings us the oxygen we need to live. After the whole process it reverses as you breath out.
Digestive System:
The digestive system is a network of organs transferring the food you you eat from your mouth to the anus. The digestive system is the reason you get all the nutrients you need through the food you eat.
The oral cavity or mouth consists of the teeth,tongue and saliva. It’s where the food starts to go down. Teeth cut and crush the food that the body is about to digest. They are made of enamel and dentine. Saliva keeps the oral cavity wet so that you can taste what you eat. It wets food so that it is easier to swallow. The tongue is made of several muscles covered in skin like material. It helps you push food toward the esophagus. Bolus is the term for the food we eat before digestion while it is still in the mouth or esophagus. But what does the esophagus do?
The esophagus is the tube that all our food goes down. It’s lined with muscles to force the food down, you could even swallow upside down. It’s about ten inches or 25 centimeters in length. The process of peristalsis is the movement of muscles in your digestive system to push it along the way to the end of the proces. Here’s the most famous part of the digestive system.
After the esophagus comes the sphincter, it lets food through into the stomach and keeps any from coming back up. Then comes the stomach where digestive juices and acid break the food into smaller pieces. The digestive juices are various liquids that are produced to help the digestive system process the food. They consist of saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice. They are produced at a slow pace but will be hurried up once you start to digest your food. After food goes through the stomach it is considered chyme. The pylorus keeps chyme from going into the small intestine until it is time to be digested.
The small intestine is where all the nutrients is absorbed from the food that you eat. It is helped by the liver pancreas and gallbladder. Villi are small branches in the small intestine that help absorb nutrients out of chyme when it comes through. When the food comes through the small intestine it is absorbed by special cells inside the villi and rest of the body.
The pancreas are a triangular gland in the abdomen that plays a vital role in controlling your blood sugar, most people don’t know about the pancreas because it doesn't usually pain you. The pancreas produces enzymes that are secreted into the duodenum. The filter chyme that it flows much easier.
The liver stores minerals and vitamins,creates a substance called bile and removes waste and toxins from the body. The gallbladder is a pouch shaped organ that shares a pipe with the liver, it also stores the bile until it is needed in the small intestine when the pipe pumps the bile into the small intestine. Bile is a yellow thick substance that gets rid of fats that are in the chyme.
The large intestine Does the final stage in digestion.There are three sections in the large intestine, the cecum, the colon, and the rectum. It absorbs food and water into the bloodstream by pumping sodium ions to absorb the water and moisture into the bloodstream.
The anus is the end of the digestive system it opens up to let our waste products through to exit our body.
So now we know how the digestive system works. I truly am amazed at how much goes on in our bodies without us knowing about it. I Hope you learned some valuable info in this paper
Nervous System:
The brain is the central computer of our body. Your brain tells everything what to do and how to do it. The electrical impulses the nerves use to carry messages travel at about 250 miles per hour at the most. It makes your heart beat, eyelids blink, your lungs breath and makes you move. It’s the reason you can laugh and cry. There are three parts to the brain: the cerebrum,cerebellum and the medulla (brainstem). The cerebrum is the big mushy part of the brain that everyone immediately thinks of when they think of the brain. It makes up 85% of the brain’s weight. The cerebrum controls your body movements and sometimes blinking and breathing. The cerebellum keeps you balanced on your feet. Though a lot smaller it still plays a vital role in some movements. The Brainstem or Medulla connects you brain to the spinal cord. It also controls your involuntary muscles. So we know what the brain does but how do its messages get carried out?
Nerves are strands of neurons bunched together to deliver messages from the brain to the body or the other way around. Your sensory nerves are the nerves that your body uses to use the five senses. The run through your skin to feel the surface of any thing your touching. Your motor nerves carry the signal to your voluntary muscles to move around. The spinal cord runs down your spine. All your nerves link off the spinal cord and into the rest of the body. Your neurons or nerve cells communicate with other cells and transmit the electrical signals from neuron to neuron. The synapse of a nerve cell sends the message to the other cell to give the message to the next nerve. The dendrite receives the electrical messages from the synapse on the previous cell. The axons are the area where the electrical impulses travel in order to bring them to the synapse to send the signal onward. So we know how the brain sends messages to the body,but how doe the body send messages to the brain?
The eyes,ears,nose,skin and tongue are you sensory nerves, they send messages through the nerves and up to the brain using sensory nerves inside the organs to make the message and send it to the brain. The iris is the colored part of your eye. It is a muscle that moves to dilate the pupil when there's more light. In the nasal cavity hair-like nerves collect the chemicals that you breath in through the nose and detects what they smell like. Your skin has receptors in it that detect touch,pain,pressure and temperature. They send messages to the brain so you know what everything physically feels like. Your ears help you balance on your feet by detecting your surroundings. Your taste buds detect chemicals and send messages to the brain. Smell also plays a key role in tasting if you can not smell something you may not taste it either.
I think writing this paper took a while but it was fun to learn some new facts about the human body. I think the nervous system is probably the most important system because it controls all the other ones. It would be awesome if we had computers that worked as fast as the brain. The neurons also are incredibly fast.
Conclusion to the Human Body Research Paper:
In conclusion, the human body has many systems that each work hard to do specific jobs to benefit our bodies, but they also work together successfully to ensure our well-being. The skeletal system provides support, protection and structure while the muscular system allows us to move, breathe, and digest food. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body while getting rid of waste products and the respiratory system swaps out the oxygen and carbon dioxide. Finally, the digestive system converts food into energy while the nervous system uses that energy to make decisions and maintain memories. I appreciate the time you took to read these essays and hope that you learned something valuable. So the next time you move a muscle or take in a breath, I hope you’ll think about how impressive our human body really is!
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