Did you know that our bodies create about a gallon of mucus in just two days! I do. In fact, I know a lot of other interesting information about the human body, and YOU WILL TOO if you read my paper! Within this document, you will find six different body system essays including the muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, which all work together to operate our body. All of these systems have different components, each with their own unique functions that help to keep us alive. However, each system cannot operate alone - they need each other to be successful. For example, the nutrients gathered by the digestive system get distributed throughout the body in the circulatory system! Over the previous 12 weeks, we gathered information, organized our thoughts, and paraphrased what trusted websites taught us about each system. We worked with responsibility partners and our papers definitely benefited from the collaboration. Just like each human body system needs to rely on the other systems, we relied on each other to improve our writing and our process. The following is the result of our hard work...
Skeletal System:
Our skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. These bones work together to provide our body with support so that we can stand, move so we can walk around, and protect our vital organs like our hearts and our brain! Our bones even make and store blood cells from our circulatory system. Without our bones we would be nothing more than a pile of skin, organs and muscle on the floor. We couldn’t be able to move and our organs wouldn’t be safe.
Our bone are made up of many layers. These layers are important because we need our bones to be strong, yet lightweight. In order to achieve this goal, the outside layer of bone is made up of dense, compact bone that makes our bones strong. The next layer of bone is called cancellous bone (aka spongy bone). This layer allows our bones to be lightweight and transitions us from compact bone to bone marrow. Bone Marrow is a thick and spongy section in the middle of the bone where white and red blood cells are formed. Finally, our bones are all covered in a thin membrane called periosteum which is where muscles attach to bones. This is how bones are structured in order to keep our bodies strong, yet lightweight!
Although bones are extremely important, we wouldn’t be able to move without joints! Joints are places where two or more bones meet. There are several types of joints in our bodies, but we’ll just focus on four of them. The first type of joint is called a hinge joint. Just like the hinges on a door, they allow movement back and forth. We have hinge joints at our elbows and knees, and we even have them in our knuckles! Another type of joint is called a ball and socket joint. This is where one bone has a ball at the end of it and the other bone has a “baseball mitt” for the ball to sit in. Our shoulders and hips are examples of ball and socket joints. The third type of joint that we studied is called a gliding joint. Gliding joints are places where two or more bones meet and slide past each other. Our wrists and ankles are two examples of gliding joints. The last type of joint is called the pivot joint. A pivot joint works when one bone acts like a ring and the other bone sits inside the ring and rotates. Our neck is an example of a pivot joint because it can rotate around and move up and down. At each joint a soft, squishy material can be found between bones which keeps them from rubbing each other which would be painful. This material is called cartilage. Cartilage, which is bendable, can also be found in our ears and nose. But all of this wouldn’t be possible if it weren’t for ligaments holding all of our bones together at each joint. Ligaments are long, stretchy tissue that connect bone to other bone and stabilize joints. Without these ligaments in place, bones wouldn’t stay attached to each other and wouldn’t allow joints to move. It’s interesting to note that people who are double-jointed actually just have extremely stretchy ligaments! Joints definitely make movement possible and without them, we’d have a hard time getting around our world!
Bones are definitely are important parts of the human body. They allow us to move, help provide us structure and support, protect our important organs, and even make blood cells! Because bones are designed so well, they are strong, yet lightweight.
Skeletal System:
Our skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. These bones work together to provide our body with support so that we can stand, move so we can walk around, and protect our vital organs like our hearts and our brain! Our bones even make and store blood cells from our circulatory system. Without our bones we would be nothing more than a pile of skin, organs and muscle on the floor. We couldn’t be able to move and our organs wouldn’t be safe.
Our bone are made up of many layers. These layers are important because we need our bones to be strong, yet lightweight. In order to achieve this goal, the outside layer of bone is made up of dense, compact bone that makes our bones strong. The next layer of bone is called cancellous bone (aka spongy bone). This layer allows our bones to be lightweight and transitions us from compact bone to bone marrow. Bone Marrow is a thick and spongy section in the middle of the bone where white and red blood cells are formed. Finally, our bones are all covered in a thin membrane called periosteum which is where muscles attach to bones. This is how bones are structured in order to keep our bodies strong, yet lightweight!
Although bones are extremely important, we wouldn’t be able to move without joints! Joints are places where two or more bones meet. There are several types of joints in our bodies, but we’ll just focus on four of them. The first type of joint is called a hinge joint. Just like the hinges on a door, they allow movement back and forth. We have hinge joints at our elbows and knees, and we even have them in our knuckles! Another type of joint is called a ball and socket joint. This is where one bone has a ball at the end of it and the other bone has a “baseball mitt” for the ball to sit in. Our shoulders and hips are examples of ball and socket joints. The third type of joint that we studied is called a gliding joint. Gliding joints are places where two or more bones meet and slide past each other. Our wrists and ankles are two examples of gliding joints. The last type of joint is called the pivot joint. A pivot joint works when one bone acts like a ring and the other bone sits inside the ring and rotates. Our neck is an example of a pivot joint because it can rotate around and move up and down. At each joint a soft, squishy material can be found between bones which keeps them from rubbing each other which would be painful. This material is called cartilage. Cartilage, which is bendable, can also be found in our ears and nose. But all of this wouldn’t be possible if it weren’t for ligaments holding all of our bones together at each joint. Ligaments are long, stretchy tissue that connect bone to other bone and stabilize joints. Without these ligaments in place, bones wouldn’t stay attached to each other and wouldn’t allow joints to move. It’s interesting to note that people who are double-jointed actually just have extremely stretchy ligaments! Joints definitely make movement possible and without them, we’d have a hard time getting around our world!
Bones are definitely are important parts of the human body. They allow us to move, help provide us structure and support, protect our important organs, and even make blood cells! Because bones are designed so well, they are strong, yet lightweight.
Muscular System:
...The muscular system helps the human body move around and have fun. Let’s say you want to move your arms around, eat a sandwich, or run. You use muscles! There are many types of different muscles and they all serve different purposes, (e.g. movement, pumping blood, dilating your pupils). Some of these purposes are controlled by us , while others are controlled automatically by the muscle cells or the brain.
There are two types of categories of muscles in the human body, voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that we have control over. They are the muscles that control our body’s movements and are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles in our body. They pull on bones to cause us to move. Skeletal muscles never push, they only pull, and that’s why they are mostly found in pairs. One example of this is the biceps and triceps that are found in our upper arms. When one set of muscles want to put the lower arm up, they contract or shrink, while the triceps relax or expand. When the triceps want to pull the arm down, they contract while the biceps relax. This is an example of a pair of muscles working together to make movement. But those muscles wouldn't be able to to do any of this without tendons connecting them to the bones that they move! Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that blend into the bones and enable them to move the bones that were supposed to move. Although skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles, there are two different types of involuntary muscles.
Unlike voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles are the muscles that do things automatically without knowing it. There are two examples of involuntary muscles. They are cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Cardiac and smooth muscles are similar because they work automatically, by themselves. Cardiac muscles are muscles that are found only in our heart, and are responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. They work without us thinking about them, and they contract and relax throughout our entire lives. Smooth muscles are found inside many of our organs like the intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bladder. They help move food throughout our body. Smooth muscles can also be found in your eyes and blood vessels. Smooth muscles cells may look like one big cell, but are actually a bunch of smaller, smooth cells are grouped together (unlike the skeletal cells). There are many types of involuntary muscles that do things we had no idea about, including important tasks like pumping blood and digesting food!
Thanks to joints, ligaments, and cartilage, we are able to bend and move throughout our world. Finally, the muscles in our body attach to bones, giving us the power to actually move around!
The muscular system is a powerful system that allows us to move, convert food into energy, and circulate blood throughout our body. our muscles make up over half of our body weight.
Circulatory System:
There are a lot of important things that are really necessary for you to live. In your circulatory system your heart, blood and blood vessels are a big part of you. So if you don’t have these things you will die. There are two types of blood, Red blood cells and white blood cells. Without blood you would not be able to do anything without any blood you would actually die without blood. So if you don’t have blood you would not have any oxygen so you would have no air so you would die. White blood cells do one thing and it’s very important job. It destroys viruses, infections and diseases there are different types of white blood cells. They're like little warriors.
Red blood cells have an important role their role is to carry in oxygen and take out carbon dioxide. The cells bring the carbon dioxide to the lungs so we breath out we take in oxygen and the cycle keeps going over and over. Platelets are like stitches they work together to cover up the cut like stitches. Platelets are very helpful because if you have a cut they will make sure that less blood would come out. If you didn’t have platelets you would bleed out so you need platelets. So when you have a cut you know that you’ll be fine because platelets will not let a lot of blood out.
Respiratory System:
Air can enter our bodies in two ways, through the nose and the mouth. Your nose has two holes calls nostrils. Your nostrils are separated by a wall called the septum. Close to your skull your septum is a thin layer of bone. Behind your nose close to the middle of your face is the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity connects with your throat. It also gets there by the top of your mouth or the roof. The nasal cavity is also in your nose. It connects to the mucous membrane which keeps your nose moist so you don’t get a bloody nose. In your nose there are hairs that flitter. They block the dirt or dust in the air so the dirt and dust doesn’t get into your lungs. The epiglottis is a flap in the back of your throat that stops food or water from going into the windpipe that leads to your lungs. Without your epiglottis, you would cough or choke every time. In the larynx loudness is controlled. The changed sound goes through the vocal tract and the pitch is based on your tongue, lips, mouth and pharynx. The voice box is the source of your voice. In the voice box there are two bands of muscle called vocal cords. When you breathe your vocal cords relax and open to get air past and closes when you swallow or talk. The trachea is a tube that extend from the larynx. It carries air to the lungs. At the bottom of the trachea is the bronkie that attaches to the lungs.
The primary function of the lungs is to breathe in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide in our bodies. Once the air passes through the trachea, it goes into the bronchial tubes. The bronchi divide into two parts called the left and right bronchi.
Digestive System:
The food you eat goes through the channels in the internal walls in your body. Your digestive system starts before you take the first bite. Your stomach will be busy with your food for the next few hours or sometimes days. If cells could eat the food like it is there would be no need for a digestive system. The organs produce digestive chemicals that break down the food into smaller pieces so your body can get it through. Just the sight, smell, and sound of food is enough to trigger your saliva glands. The tongue is located in the inferior part of your mouth. It is an organ that is made up of pieces of muscles. The taste buds on your tongue detect taste modules which connect to the nervous system in your tongue that go to your brain. Once the food has been chewed your tongue rolled it up into a ball and goes down your throat. Once the food is in the esophagus it goes to the gateway to the stomach. This gateway is called esophageal muscle. It opens to let food in to get to the stomach and closes before any food gets out or stomach acid. When you swallow it doesn’t just fall, there are muscles that push it down with the help of gravity. The muscle movement is called peristalsis. Your stomach can hold food for a couple of hours or even days it depends on what your eat. Digestive juices start before you put a piece of food in your mouth. Then it goes to the chyme. Chyme is a thick liquid that goes to the pylorus which keeps the chyme in until it is ready to pass through the small intestine.
Nervous System:
Our brain is like a highway. It sends and receives what is around you and what you are doing. This highway is made up of billions of nerve cells which come together to make nerves. Your brain is the boss. It controls everything. Like your arms, legs, fingers and body parts. It’s not bad for a big wrinkly sponge. Without your brain you wouldn't be able to move anything. The biggest part of your brain is the cerebrum. It is 85% of your brain. Your cerebrum controls your voluntary muscles without your cerebrum you wouldn’t be able to kick a soccer ball or dance. Your cerebellum controls your movement of your arms and legs. You would fall over when your turn around if you didn’t have your cerebellum. The medulla is located in the hind brain. It is responsible for the involuntary functions ranging from vomiting to sneezing.
Messages that come from the brain come from the cranial nerves which are in the head. The messages that come from the cranium control your eyes, ears and face. Messages can also travel through from the spinal nerves and branch out to the other parts of the body. The sensory nerves control your senses such as sight, sound, touch, etc. sensory nerves are thin threads of nerve cells. They carry messages just like telephone wires. Motor nerves are the nerves that control your muscles and glands.The four main parts for the motor nerve are dendrite, cell body, nuclease and axon. The dendrites get signals from the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord is very fragile because it is a tube like structure. It contains of nerves that come and go to do different parts of the body. The brain is what it is because of the structural properties. The human body is made up of a trillions of nerves. These nerves carry messages to different parts of the body. The core component is the nervous system. A neuron is an electrically excitable cell. The neuron cell sends a message by electrochemical signaling. Unlike other cells, neurons never divide and they never die. They can never be replaced when they get lost. When you touch something hot your hand sends a message. The message goes through the dendrites. Then that goes to the brain and back. So you know to move your hand. The axon sends electrical information away from the cell body or soma. Individual neurons are microscopic so they bundle up to make up a nerve.
In conclusion, the human body has many systems that work hard to do specific jobs to benefit our bodies, but they also work together successfully to ensure our well-being. The skeletal system provides support, protection and structure while the muscular system allows us to move, breathe, and digest food. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body while getting rid of waste products and the respiratory system swaps out the oxygen and carbon dioxide. Finally, the digestive system converts food into energy while the nervous system uses the energy to make decisions and maintain memory. I appreciate the time you took to read these essays and hope that you learned something valuable
Thank you...
...The muscular system helps the human body move around and have fun. Let’s say you want to move your arms around, eat a sandwich, or run. You use muscles! There are many types of different muscles and they all serve different purposes, (e.g. movement, pumping blood, dilating your pupils). Some of these purposes are controlled by us , while others are controlled automatically by the muscle cells or the brain.
There are two types of categories of muscles in the human body, voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that we have control over. They are the muscles that control our body’s movements and are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles in our body. They pull on bones to cause us to move. Skeletal muscles never push, they only pull, and that’s why they are mostly found in pairs. One example of this is the biceps and triceps that are found in our upper arms. When one set of muscles want to put the lower arm up, they contract or shrink, while the triceps relax or expand. When the triceps want to pull the arm down, they contract while the biceps relax. This is an example of a pair of muscles working together to make movement. But those muscles wouldn't be able to to do any of this without tendons connecting them to the bones that they move! Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that blend into the bones and enable them to move the bones that were supposed to move. Although skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles, there are two different types of involuntary muscles.
Unlike voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles are the muscles that do things automatically without knowing it. There are two examples of involuntary muscles. They are cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Cardiac and smooth muscles are similar because they work automatically, by themselves. Cardiac muscles are muscles that are found only in our heart, and are responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. They work without us thinking about them, and they contract and relax throughout our entire lives. Smooth muscles are found inside many of our organs like the intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bladder. They help move food throughout our body. Smooth muscles can also be found in your eyes and blood vessels. Smooth muscles cells may look like one big cell, but are actually a bunch of smaller, smooth cells are grouped together (unlike the skeletal cells). There are many types of involuntary muscles that do things we had no idea about, including important tasks like pumping blood and digesting food!
Thanks to joints, ligaments, and cartilage, we are able to bend and move throughout our world. Finally, the muscles in our body attach to bones, giving us the power to actually move around!
The muscular system is a powerful system that allows us to move, convert food into energy, and circulate blood throughout our body. our muscles make up over half of our body weight.
Circulatory System:
There are a lot of important things that are really necessary for you to live. In your circulatory system your heart, blood and blood vessels are a big part of you. So if you don’t have these things you will die. There are two types of blood, Red blood cells and white blood cells. Without blood you would not be able to do anything without any blood you would actually die without blood. So if you don’t have blood you would not have any oxygen so you would have no air so you would die. White blood cells do one thing and it’s very important job. It destroys viruses, infections and diseases there are different types of white blood cells. They're like little warriors.
Red blood cells have an important role their role is to carry in oxygen and take out carbon dioxide. The cells bring the carbon dioxide to the lungs so we breath out we take in oxygen and the cycle keeps going over and over. Platelets are like stitches they work together to cover up the cut like stitches. Platelets are very helpful because if you have a cut they will make sure that less blood would come out. If you didn’t have platelets you would bleed out so you need platelets. So when you have a cut you know that you’ll be fine because platelets will not let a lot of blood out.
Respiratory System:
Air can enter our bodies in two ways, through the nose and the mouth. Your nose has two holes calls nostrils. Your nostrils are separated by a wall called the septum. Close to your skull your septum is a thin layer of bone. Behind your nose close to the middle of your face is the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity connects with your throat. It also gets there by the top of your mouth or the roof. The nasal cavity is also in your nose. It connects to the mucous membrane which keeps your nose moist so you don’t get a bloody nose. In your nose there are hairs that flitter. They block the dirt or dust in the air so the dirt and dust doesn’t get into your lungs. The epiglottis is a flap in the back of your throat that stops food or water from going into the windpipe that leads to your lungs. Without your epiglottis, you would cough or choke every time. In the larynx loudness is controlled. The changed sound goes through the vocal tract and the pitch is based on your tongue, lips, mouth and pharynx. The voice box is the source of your voice. In the voice box there are two bands of muscle called vocal cords. When you breathe your vocal cords relax and open to get air past and closes when you swallow or talk. The trachea is a tube that extend from the larynx. It carries air to the lungs. At the bottom of the trachea is the bronkie that attaches to the lungs.
The primary function of the lungs is to breathe in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide in our bodies. Once the air passes through the trachea, it goes into the bronchial tubes. The bronchi divide into two parts called the left and right bronchi.
Digestive System:
The food you eat goes through the channels in the internal walls in your body. Your digestive system starts before you take the first bite. Your stomach will be busy with your food for the next few hours or sometimes days. If cells could eat the food like it is there would be no need for a digestive system. The organs produce digestive chemicals that break down the food into smaller pieces so your body can get it through. Just the sight, smell, and sound of food is enough to trigger your saliva glands. The tongue is located in the inferior part of your mouth. It is an organ that is made up of pieces of muscles. The taste buds on your tongue detect taste modules which connect to the nervous system in your tongue that go to your brain. Once the food has been chewed your tongue rolled it up into a ball and goes down your throat. Once the food is in the esophagus it goes to the gateway to the stomach. This gateway is called esophageal muscle. It opens to let food in to get to the stomach and closes before any food gets out or stomach acid. When you swallow it doesn’t just fall, there are muscles that push it down with the help of gravity. The muscle movement is called peristalsis. Your stomach can hold food for a couple of hours or even days it depends on what your eat. Digestive juices start before you put a piece of food in your mouth. Then it goes to the chyme. Chyme is a thick liquid that goes to the pylorus which keeps the chyme in until it is ready to pass through the small intestine.
Nervous System:
Our brain is like a highway. It sends and receives what is around you and what you are doing. This highway is made up of billions of nerve cells which come together to make nerves. Your brain is the boss. It controls everything. Like your arms, legs, fingers and body parts. It’s not bad for a big wrinkly sponge. Without your brain you wouldn't be able to move anything. The biggest part of your brain is the cerebrum. It is 85% of your brain. Your cerebrum controls your voluntary muscles without your cerebrum you wouldn’t be able to kick a soccer ball or dance. Your cerebellum controls your movement of your arms and legs. You would fall over when your turn around if you didn’t have your cerebellum. The medulla is located in the hind brain. It is responsible for the involuntary functions ranging from vomiting to sneezing.
Messages that come from the brain come from the cranial nerves which are in the head. The messages that come from the cranium control your eyes, ears and face. Messages can also travel through from the spinal nerves and branch out to the other parts of the body. The sensory nerves control your senses such as sight, sound, touch, etc. sensory nerves are thin threads of nerve cells. They carry messages just like telephone wires. Motor nerves are the nerves that control your muscles and glands.The four main parts for the motor nerve are dendrite, cell body, nuclease and axon. The dendrites get signals from the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord is very fragile because it is a tube like structure. It contains of nerves that come and go to do different parts of the body. The brain is what it is because of the structural properties. The human body is made up of a trillions of nerves. These nerves carry messages to different parts of the body. The core component is the nervous system. A neuron is an electrically excitable cell. The neuron cell sends a message by electrochemical signaling. Unlike other cells, neurons never divide and they never die. They can never be replaced when they get lost. When you touch something hot your hand sends a message. The message goes through the dendrites. Then that goes to the brain and back. So you know to move your hand. The axon sends electrical information away from the cell body or soma. Individual neurons are microscopic so they bundle up to make up a nerve.
In conclusion, the human body has many systems that work hard to do specific jobs to benefit our bodies, but they also work together successfully to ensure our well-being. The skeletal system provides support, protection and structure while the muscular system allows us to move, breathe, and digest food. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body while getting rid of waste products and the respiratory system swaps out the oxygen and carbon dioxide. Finally, the digestive system converts food into energy while the nervous system uses the energy to make decisions and maintain memory. I appreciate the time you took to read these essays and hope that you learned something valuable
Thank you...
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- "Word! Involuntary Muscle." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
- "Word! Platelets." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
- "Word! Red Blood Cells." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
- "Word! White Blood Cells." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
- "Your Bones." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
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- "Your Digestive System." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2016.
- "Your Digestive System." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2016.
- "Your Fuel." Kids' Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2016.
- "Your Heart & Circulatory System." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
- "Your Muscles." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.
- "Your Nose." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2016.