Introduction To Human Body Research Paper:
Did you know that our bodies create about a gallon of mucus in just two days! I do. In fact, I know a lot of other interesting information about the human body and YOU WILL TOO if you read my paper! Within this document, you will find six different body system essays. These six essays focus on the muscular, skeletal, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, which all work together to operate our body. All of these systems have different components, each with their own unique functions that help to keep us alive. However, each system cannot operate alone - They need each other to be successful. For example, the nutrients gathered by the digestive system get distributed throughout the body in the circulatory system! Over the previous 12 weeks, we gathered information, organized our thoughts, and paraphrased what trusted websites taught us about each system. We worked with responsibility partners and our papers definitely benefited from the collaboration. Just like each human body system needs to rely on the other systems, we relied on each other to improve our writing and our process.The following is the result of our hard work...
...Our skeletal system is made up of more than 200 bones! These bones work together to provide our body with support so we can stand and can walk around,and protect our vital organs like are heart and our brain! Our bones even make and store blood cells for our circulatory system! without our bones we would just be nothing but a pile of skin, organ and muscle! we wouldn't be able to move or are muscles wouldn’t be safe.
Our bones are made up of many layers. These layers are important because we need are bones to be strong,...
Did you know that our bodies create about a gallon of mucus in just two days! I do. In fact, I know a lot of other interesting information about the human body and YOU WILL TOO if you read my paper! Within this document, you will find six different body system essays. These six essays focus on the muscular, skeletal, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, which all work together to operate our body. All of these systems have different components, each with their own unique functions that help to keep us alive. However, each system cannot operate alone - They need each other to be successful. For example, the nutrients gathered by the digestive system get distributed throughout the body in the circulatory system! Over the previous 12 weeks, we gathered information, organized our thoughts, and paraphrased what trusted websites taught us about each system. We worked with responsibility partners and our papers definitely benefited from the collaboration. Just like each human body system needs to rely on the other systems, we relied on each other to improve our writing and our process.The following is the result of our hard work...
...Our skeletal system is made up of more than 200 bones! These bones work together to provide our body with support so we can stand and can walk around,and protect our vital organs like are heart and our brain! Our bones even make and store blood cells for our circulatory system! without our bones we would just be nothing but a pile of skin, organ and muscle! we wouldn't be able to move or are muscles wouldn’t be safe.
Our bones are made up of many layers. These layers are important because we need are bones to be strong,...
...yet lightweight. In order to achieve this goal, the outside layer of bone is made up of solid, compact bone that makes our bones strong and dense. The next layer of bone is called callousness, A.K.A spongy bone. This layer allows the bones to be lightweight and transitions us from compact bone to bone marrow. Bone marrow is a thick and spongy section of bone in the middle of the bone where red and white blood cells are formed. Finally, our bones are covered in a thin membrane called peritoneum, which is where our muscles attach to bones. so that is how bones are structured to keep our bodies strong, yet lightweight!
Although bones are extremely important, we wouldn’t be able to move without joints! Joints are places where two or more bones meet. There are several types of joints in our body, but we will only focus on four of them. the first type of joint is called a hinge joint. Just like the hinges on a door, they allow movement back and forth. We have hinge joints at our elbows, knees, and even in are knuckles! Another type of joint is called a ball and socket joint. This is where one bone has a ball at the end of it and the other has like a “baseball mitt” for the ball to sit in. Our shoulders and hips are examples of a ball and socket joint. The third type of joint that we studied was called a gliding joint. Gliding joints are places where two or more bones meet and slide past each other. Our wrists and ankles are two examples of gliding joints. The last type of joint is called the pivot joint. A pivot joint works when one bone acts like a ring and the other sits the ring and rotates. Our neck is an example of a pivot joint because it can rotate around and move up. At each joint a soft, squishy material can be found between bones which can keep them from rubbing which would be painful. This material is called cartilage. Cartilage, which is bendable, can also be found in our ears and our nose. But all of this wouldn’t be possible if it weren't for ligaments holding all of our bones together. Without these ligaments in place, bones wouldn’t stay attached to each other and wouldn’t allow joints to move. It’s interesting to note that people who are double jointed just have extremely stretchy ligaments. Joints definitely make movement possible and without them we wouldn't be able to move around the world. Bones are different an important part of our body. They allow us to move, help provide us structure and support, protect our important organs, and even blood cells. Because bones are designed so well They are strong, yet lightweight. Thanks to joints, ligaments, and cartilage, we are able to bend and move throughout our world. So without plasma none of the stuff inside blood would get around the body.
The muscular system helps the human body move around and have fun. Let's say you want to move your arms around, eat a sandwich, or run, you use your muscles. There are many different types of muscles, and they all serve different purposes (e.g movement, pumping blood, dilating your pupils.) Some of these purposes our controlled by us, while others are controlled automatically by the muscle cell or the brain.
There are two types of categories of muscles in the human body: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary are muscles that we have control over. They are the muscles that control our body’s movements and are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscle in our body. They pull on bones to cause us to move. Skeletal muscles never push, they only pull, and that's why they are nearly always found in pairs. One example of this is the biceps and triceps that are located in are upper arms. when one set of muscles (like the biceps) wants to pull the lower arm up, they contract or shrink, while the triceps relax or expand. When the triceps want to pull the arm down, they contract contract while the biceps relax. This is an example of a pair of muscles working together to make movement. But those muscles wouldn't be able to do any of this without tendons connecting them to the bones that they move! Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that blend into bones and enable them to move the bones that they were supposed to move. Although skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscle, there are two different types of involuntary muscle!
Unlike voluntary muscles, Involuntary muscles do things automatically without knowing it. There are two examples of involuntary muscle. They are smooth muscle and cardiac. Cardiac and smooth muscles are similar because they work automatically by them self. Cardiac muscles are the muscles in our heart that are responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. They work without us thinking about them and they contract and relax throughout our entire lives. Smooth muscles are found inside many of our organs like the intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bladder and help move food through our body. Smooth muscles can also be found in your eyes and your blood vessels. Smooth muscles cells look like one big cell, but are actually just a bunch of smaller, smooth cells grouped together. (unlike the striated, skeletal cells.) So clearly, there are many types involuntary muscles that do things we had no idea about. Including important tasks like pumping blood and digesting food.
The muscular system is a powerful system that allows us to move, convert food into energy, and circulate blood through our body. Our muscles make up more than half of our body weight and give our body tone and shape. in the next essay, learn how some of these muscles move blood throughout our body in order to deliver oxygen to all of our cells.
One of the many important muscles in our body is our heart. Our heart is part of our Circulatory system. our Circulatory system is very important it pumps blood throughout our body to make us live. our blood is very important because it has oxygen in it, but without the heart it would not be pumped around the body.
One big part of the circulatory system is the blood. The blood carries oxygen throughout our bodies. It also supplies sugar to power some of the parts of our body. It carries hormones that help us grow and get bigger and help us fend off germs.
In our bodies we have white blood cells in our blood. They are only 1% of blood. They are essential for good health and help us live longer, and protect us against diseases. When you get sick, white blood cells fight off the germs. Think of them like your own little army that protect your body from getting attacked by germs. White blood cells have a short life span of 1 - 3 days so your bone marrow is constantly making them.
Red blood cells our important part of our blood too! they carry oxygen throughout our body, blood is bright red from the oxygen that the red blood cells carry. Red blood cells also remove carbon dioxide from your body, we can not get too much carbon dioxide in our body or we will die, but the red blood cells takes it back to the lungs to breath out. Red blood cells are round and flattish like a doughnut without a hole in the middle.
If we got a cut we bleed, but if we didn’t have platelets we would not stop bleeding and die. Platelets make scabs, they form a shell around the cut and forms a something like web. Platelets are made in your bone marrow so they are constantly being made. Platelets usually live for eight to ten days. So platelets do a lot to help our body from dying even though they are very small. But without plasma these components are nothing because they could not flow through the body! Plasma carries the red, white blood cells and platelets throughout the body. Plasma is a liquid it is the fourth state of matter. So without Plasma the stuff in our blood without plasma!
Did you know that all of a kids blood vessels combined in there body is 60,000 miles! That's three times around the Earth, and 100,000 miles for an adult! Blood vessels are very important they carry blood throughout your body so your body can get oxygen. There are many different types of blood vessels like capillaries. All blood is carried in your blood vessels. Without your blood vessels your blood would flow all over your body. When you get cut, it is when one of your blood vessels opens up so then your blood flows out.
A part of your blood vessels is arteries, they carry the rich oxygen filled blood to the tissue of your body. arteries are a muscular tube inside your smooth muscles. Your arteries have three layers they are the The intima, the inner layer lined by a smooth tissue called endothelial. The media, a layer of muscle that lets arteries handle the high pressures from the heart. And the adventitious, connective tissue anchoring arteries to nearby tissues. But that's not it there is more vessels to help your body like the veins. Veins are basically the vessels forming blood circulation around the body. It will usually carry oxygen - depleted blood to the heart. Veins are a big part in your blood vessels and help our body move and live. We also have a smaller type of blood vessels which are the capillaries. Capillaries are the tiny vessels that pass blood from the arteries into the veins. They are very small, at the largest getting to about 10 micrometers in diameter. Different capillaries do different things sometimes to. Capillaries they are very important in your body, you mostly see capillaries in like your face or wrists. Capillaries are very important parts of your body and do a lot to help you. So blood vessels do a lot in your body and spread very long, flow blood throughout your body, and help you move!
The heart is the one that pumps all of the blood through the body, without the heart none of the blood would move and your body wouldn’t get any oxygen. Your heart sits between your lungs almost in the middle of your chest. It pumps blood to all of your organs and tissues and cells in your body through blood vessels. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients that every cell needs and takes out the dangerous waste. Your heart has four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. The left atrium is The upper right chamber of the heart. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it down into the left ventricle which delivers it to the body. There is also the left ventricle it is located in the bottom left of your heart and its job in your body is to pump blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta. The next part is the Right atrium, it is where the deoxygenated blood. It then sends it to the lungs so the lungs can put fresh and new oxygen into it. The other right is the right ventricle. The right ventricle takes the job of pumping that deoxygenated to the lungs so it has a way of getting there. Those are the main parts of the heart and now you know some of the things that they do!
The circulatory system is a big part of our body and helps us do stuff such as walk around, talk, and so much more because it is the way we breathe! That is most of the circulatory and now you know how important it is to you!
One of the big parts of you breathing is coming from the work of your Respiratory system. There are a series of tubes that the air passes through into your lungs. The steps it takes are first it travels through your nose or mouth to warm up and wet the air, Then your air travels down through your Voice box and down your windpipe. The windpipe then splits into two bronchial tubes that enter your lungs. A thin flap of tissue is called the epiglottis, it covers your windpipe for when you swallow. This prevents food and fluids from entering your air passage that leads to the lungs. But nothing would be able to do that without the major parts of the tube that the air passes through. Such as the larynx, pharynx, vocal cords, voice box, epiglottis, and trachea.
The larynx is part of the tube that flows through your neck into the lungs. It is tough and flexible, and connects the pharynx to the trachea in your neck. It plays a big role in the respiratory system because it allows air to pass through it while having food and liquids not blocking up the airway. It also contains the voice box,which helps you speak. You will learn more about the voice box later. The larynx plays a big role in your respiratory system, it helps you so you won't stop breathing from food blocking your airway also known as choking. The larynx does a lot to help our body! But without your epiglottis you would choke every time you took a bite of your food. Your epiglottis is part of your larynx, it is a flap that makes sure that the food that you eat, doesn’t go into your windpipe then you would choke. It has a thin, leaf shaped structure at the border of the larynx. Your epiglottis does a lot to save your body from harmful things like choking. it does a big part in your larynx! Except how would you communicate with others if you didn’t have your voice box and vocal cords! Your voice box is at the back of your throat at the very top of your air passage called your trachea. Inside are two vocal cords, which are at the topmost part of your vocal folds. Another part of you speaking is your voice box. Everyone has two vocal cords in there larynx, they vibrate when you speak to make a voice come out of your mouth. Vocal cords and your voice box do a lot to help your body, without them you would not be able to talk! A big part of your respiratory system is your trachea (windpipe). Your Trachea connects your larynx to your bronchi tube in your neck right down into your lungs. It is a big tube for air flow through your neck, it carries a lot of air through and sometimes you can feel it in your neck. The windpipe is a very interesting and big part of your larynx and body. So now you have learned how your upper part of your respiratory is very important to you surviving as a human being, it helps you from not choking, helps you breath, and helps you live your normal life as a human. Without the place for all of the air to go, none of this would be able to be stored and carbon-dioxide would kill you within minutes of when you were born because of all of the bad carbon-dioxide. But you have your lungs to get rid of all of that and breath it out. Your lungs are located right at your chest, you have two lungs and they both have many interesting components to them. The way that you breath in and out, when you breath in your diaphragm contracts or tightens and moves downward. this makes more room for your lungs and then your lungs get bigger and have more room. Muscles on your rib cage also help by making your rib cage go upward and outward when you breath to also help. The series of tubes get the air to your lungs, the air comes in when you breath through your mouth or nose, and carbon - dioxide and air goes out when you breathe out. Except there is no where for the air to go, wait, we have our lungs! Our lungs provide us with vital oxygen and are a pair of spongy organs. your lungs remove carbon - dioxide from your body, carbon dioxide is not good for your body it is very harmful and you could die from too much. The inner surface of your lungs would cover up to 80 - 100 meters of land! the lungs also provide us with the air to speak and laugh. Part of your lungs exhaling and inhaling is your diaphragm muscle. your diaphragm contracts to give more room for your lungs to inhale because your lungs get bigger when you breath in. Then it gets bigger to push some of the air out while the lungs get rid of the carbon - dioxide. Your diaphragm does a lot of help to your lungs. Plus the air couldn’t get into the lungs without your bronchial tubes. Your bronchial tube is in your lungs, they let the air in and out of your lungs so you can breath. They are sometimes referred to the bronchi or airways. The bronchi is another part of your tubes into your lungs, they split in half (two tubes) that go into each lung. Then comes your bronchioles. Your bronchioles are smaller than your other tubes, they allow the exchange of air and waste between the alveolar ducts and the terminal bronchiolar. That is most of the tubes that pass into your lungs and do lots of things to help you lungs breath in and out. The last part of this interesting system is the alveoli. The alveoli are these tiny little sacks that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to go between the lungs and bloodstream. This is also referred to as the exchange of gases which is what I just described. The Respiratory system is very important in your body! I hope you learned lots about how it helps your body survive. The Respiratory system is an awesome part of your body and I hope you think the same.
The Digestive system Is a big part of our survival as human beings. It is the part of the body that helps you get rid of the food that you eat and give your body the nutrients from the food you have eaten. your digestive system does a lot to give your body the energy it needs, but that's not all. find out more in this paper about the digestive system and how it helps us.
Without the mouth to be an opening for the food to come in and give you the energy, you wouldn’t be able to eat anything because how would you get your food into your body. Your mouth is in the lower part of your face and is where the food enters your body. It is surrounded by the lips, it is also where you voice is emitted. In your mouth are your teeth which produce something called mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion is simply achieved by mechanisms or moving. A part of mechanical digestion is chewing your food up which is done by your teeth. It also includes peristalsis which you will learn about later. There are lots of parts to mechanical digestion helping you but that's not all, we also have chemical digestion with saliva.
It is almost exactly as it sounds, your digestive system uses chemicals to break down your food inside you with chemicals. Digestive enzymes and water work together to break down the food so it can continue down the road in your digestive system. After the food is broken down the nutrients leaves out of your small intestine and gets into your capillaries running along the small intestine. Except, we forgot something, the tongue! You know what the tongue is, the weird little fleshy muscle thingy in your mouth that moves around when you eat, yeah, except it does a lot more than you think it does. Your tongue is a muscular organ in your mouth, it is covered with a moist pink tissue called mucosa.
On your tongue are tiny bumps called papillae which gives your tongue its rough texture. Thousands of taste buds cover the surfaces of the papillae. Your taste buds are a collection of nerve like cells that connect to the brain. Your tongue is connected to your mouth from webs of tissue and mucosa. A big part of your tongue is it rolls up the chewed food that you have eaten so it can go down your esophagus. The ball that is rolled by your tongue is called bolus (Latin for ball). There is not much to the bolus beside it being a ball of food that is wet and gross that is formed by your tongue. Those are most of the things in our digestive system that play a big role that you might not know of! Dang it! I forgot the movements in your throat called peristalsis. Peristalsis is the wave like movement in your esophagus that pushes down the Bolus (Ball of food) to your stomach to be digested. It is made up of smooth muscles and a quick fact, what do you think happens when reverse peristalsis happens? You throw up the food that your stomach said no to! Like I said earlier the food goes into the stomach. Without the stomach the food that you ate wouldn’t give you energy at all! Without the stomach giving a passageway to your intestines AND breaking down your food. Your stomach is very important it makes enzymes and chemicals to break down your food, after your stomach breaks down that food it continues down to your small intestine where it takes all of the nutrients out of the food and into your capillaries running along it to give your body energy.
Now that we were talking about, do you know what the small intestine is? We will talk about it later. Next up is the digestive juices, Those are the juices made up of saliva, stomach acid, and bile juice. The Bile Juices are from our gallbladder and liver, it takes away the fat in the food that we eat. The other juices mainly break down the food in your stomach. Another juice in the stomach is chyme. Chyme is a juice like substance that extracts the nutrients from the food that you eat to give it to the blood vessels to carry throughout your body and give nutrients to the parts that needed it. Chyme does lots to help our bodies grow, giving us nutrients, breaking down the bolus and more. Those are the important juices in your body that help break down food and give your body nutrients. A big part of the digestive system is the small intestine which we talked about earlier. The small intestine is about 20 feet long! It is a muscular tube with 3 parts.
The first part of the small intestine is the duodenum, it breaks down the food so it can pass through the rest of your body. The next part is the jejunum, it takes the nutrients from your food and sends it into your bloodstream. Something that plays a big role, but are microscopic! These are called Villi. Villi help absorb food quicker in the digestive system, they are the parts that absorb the nutrients and send it through the body for parts that need energy. Without the nutrients going through the body, it is like the gas for our body. We have to fill up on food to power our body with energy so we can move and not just slop on the couch. Except you would think the next thing that comes is Large intestine, but it is the pancreas! The pancreas is a flat, and is scrunched between your stomach and spine. It controls your blood sugar levels, which if it didn’t you could get very sick. Your pancreas does a lot to help your body and so does your Gallbladder and Liver. Your liver is an organ that weighs 3 pounds and under it sits the gallbladder, but we will focus on the liver for now. The liver works to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract to give the body clean and healthy blood. Your liver also makes proteins to give your body strength. A part of your digestive system that sits under your liver is your gallbladder. Your gallbladder is very small compared to your liver and is right below it. Your gallbladder stores bile made from your liver. After you eat dinner or have lunch it is empty and flat, before it would be full of bile. Your gallbladder then sends that bile down into your small intestine. If you were wondering what the thing that I was talking about called bile, here is what it is. Bile is a fluid that is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine. It is green and brown and helps digestion. It breaks down fats into smaller fats to store in your body. Bile does a lot to help digestion and your life. Now comes the big, but short large intestine. Your large intestine plays the task of absorbing vitamins and water while digesting food into feces. It is about 5 feet in length and about two and a half inches across. Your Large intestine does a lot to help your body but the big part is how it absorbs water into the bloodstream. This helps your body by giving you the things you need to survive, it does sort of what your small intestine does but does it for water and vitamins. All of the food you eat then comes out a hole called your anus which is the end of your digestion.
Your digestive system is a big part of your survival as a human, you might think it doesn’t do much but it is very interesting. You now know all about the big parts of the digestive system and how this amazing thing works to keep you alive!
The last big part of your body is your nervous system, it helps you feel with you five senses and without it you could die! Your nervous system is a series of nerves that travel throughout your body. If your nerves don’t work you could get injured badly or die, like you could be sitting on a spike but not feel anything. Your nervous system is the most supercalifragilisticexpialidocious part of your body and does a lot of work too!
So your nervous system controls a lot of you body but would be nothing without the brain, and you would die without it. Your brain is like the control station of your body, it basically controls everything. It is the biggest part of your nervous system and has lots of stuff. A part of your brain is the cerebrum, it is a large folded mass of nervous tissue that takes up the majority of the brain. All of your conscious thoughts come from the cerebrum, but that's not all! We also have a cerebellum. The cerebellum coordinates and functions muscle movements and sits behind the brain. It is smaller than the cerebrum and is under it. Then going down from the brain is the medulla ( Brainstem). It is a very important part of your nervous system, without it you would not be able to coordinate with the rest of your body. Your Brain is a big part of your body, it helps us with everything we do ( literally, everything.). Your brain is by for the most important part of your nervous system and shows it.
Next up is the part that helps you feel, smell, taste, hear ,and see. They are your nerves! Your nerves run throughout your body fro out to your arms and down to your feet. Your nerves are bundled together and send messages through your body and up to your brain to tell you what you have felt or tasted. Say you are having a delicious ice cream cone, but your nerves from your mouth to brain didn’t work, you wouldn’t taste anything or feel the cold chill of the ice cream on your tongue. Your nerves are very important to your body, without them you could die. You wouldn’t think this but, there are different types of nerves! The first one is called the sensory nerves. Your sensory nerves send the messages for scenes like touching your dog or smelling cookies. They then send the information to your brain to tell your body what you just touched. Then is the other type of nerve, it is called a motor nerve. Your Motor nerves trigger muscles to contract. All of your voluntary muscle movements are caused by your motor nerves. Your Nerves are a very important part of your body and I hope you learned something from this paragraph!
An Amazing and very important part of your nervous system is your spinal cord, which goes down your back until about your pelvis. Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers, it's like lots of strings tied up like a rope except that there nerves. Your Spinal cord is the connection to your brain and it takes in all of the signals from nerves that have been picked up. If you get paralyzed you can’t move you body in some places because your motor nerves could not get the signal to your brain. Your spinal cord is very important to your body, without it you would not be able to move or feel! A part of your touch and feel is you millions of trillions of neurons. Your neurons carry the messages sent from your brain or nerves to tell your body what you just felt or did. The human brain has about 100 billion neurons, they are extremely small too! Neurons are very important because they carry messages to the rest of your body, without them you would not be able to do really anything. A small part of your nervous system ids the synapses, they basically just put a little gap in between some neurons. Your nerves have these tiny things called dendrites. Dendrites carry information back to the cell body, and the axons take the information away from the cell body. All of these conclude to the five senses. Your five senses our… Touch, the sense that causes you to feel something, Smell, the sense of you smelling something like cookies and your body telling you what it is, sight, your sense of sight allows you to see without it you would be blind. Sense of taste, this sense allows you to taste that delicious cupcake in your mouth, and you sense of hearing. Your hearing is what allows you to hear what your teacher is saying to you.
Your Nervous system is very important to your body, without it you would die. Your nervous system causes your five senses and is the best part of your body. It is also what allows you to run and walk and do you everyday stuff. Your nervous system is the best and most supercalifragilisticexpialidocious of them all!
In conclusion, the human body has many systems that each work hard to do specific jobs to benefit our bodies, but they also work together successfully to ensure our well-being. The skeletal system provides us support, protection, and structure while the muscular allows us to move, breath, and digest food. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body while getting rid of waste products and the respiratory system swaps out oxygen and carbon - dioxide. Finally, the digestive system converts food into energy while the nervous system uses that energy to make decisions and maintain memories. I appreciate the time you took to read these essays and hope that you learned something valuable. So the next time you move a muscle or take in a breath, I hope you’ll think about how impressive our human body really is!
Although bones are extremely important, we wouldn’t be able to move without joints! Joints are places where two or more bones meet. There are several types of joints in our body, but we will only focus on four of them. the first type of joint is called a hinge joint. Just like the hinges on a door, they allow movement back and forth. We have hinge joints at our elbows, knees, and even in are knuckles! Another type of joint is called a ball and socket joint. This is where one bone has a ball at the end of it and the other has like a “baseball mitt” for the ball to sit in. Our shoulders and hips are examples of a ball and socket joint. The third type of joint that we studied was called a gliding joint. Gliding joints are places where two or more bones meet and slide past each other. Our wrists and ankles are two examples of gliding joints. The last type of joint is called the pivot joint. A pivot joint works when one bone acts like a ring and the other sits the ring and rotates. Our neck is an example of a pivot joint because it can rotate around and move up. At each joint a soft, squishy material can be found between bones which can keep them from rubbing which would be painful. This material is called cartilage. Cartilage, which is bendable, can also be found in our ears and our nose. But all of this wouldn’t be possible if it weren't for ligaments holding all of our bones together. Without these ligaments in place, bones wouldn’t stay attached to each other and wouldn’t allow joints to move. It’s interesting to note that people who are double jointed just have extremely stretchy ligaments. Joints definitely make movement possible and without them we wouldn't be able to move around the world. Bones are different an important part of our body. They allow us to move, help provide us structure and support, protect our important organs, and even blood cells. Because bones are designed so well They are strong, yet lightweight. Thanks to joints, ligaments, and cartilage, we are able to bend and move throughout our world. So without plasma none of the stuff inside blood would get around the body.
The muscular system helps the human body move around and have fun. Let's say you want to move your arms around, eat a sandwich, or run, you use your muscles. There are many different types of muscles, and they all serve different purposes (e.g movement, pumping blood, dilating your pupils.) Some of these purposes our controlled by us, while others are controlled automatically by the muscle cell or the brain.
There are two types of categories of muscles in the human body: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary are muscles that we have control over. They are the muscles that control our body’s movements and are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscle in our body. They pull on bones to cause us to move. Skeletal muscles never push, they only pull, and that's why they are nearly always found in pairs. One example of this is the biceps and triceps that are located in are upper arms. when one set of muscles (like the biceps) wants to pull the lower arm up, they contract or shrink, while the triceps relax or expand. When the triceps want to pull the arm down, they contract contract while the biceps relax. This is an example of a pair of muscles working together to make movement. But those muscles wouldn't be able to do any of this without tendons connecting them to the bones that they move! Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that blend into bones and enable them to move the bones that they were supposed to move. Although skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscle, there are two different types of involuntary muscle!
Unlike voluntary muscles, Involuntary muscles do things automatically without knowing it. There are two examples of involuntary muscle. They are smooth muscle and cardiac. Cardiac and smooth muscles are similar because they work automatically by them self. Cardiac muscles are the muscles in our heart that are responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. They work without us thinking about them and they contract and relax throughout our entire lives. Smooth muscles are found inside many of our organs like the intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bladder and help move food through our body. Smooth muscles can also be found in your eyes and your blood vessels. Smooth muscles cells look like one big cell, but are actually just a bunch of smaller, smooth cells grouped together. (unlike the striated, skeletal cells.) So clearly, there are many types involuntary muscles that do things we had no idea about. Including important tasks like pumping blood and digesting food.
The muscular system is a powerful system that allows us to move, convert food into energy, and circulate blood through our body. Our muscles make up more than half of our body weight and give our body tone and shape. in the next essay, learn how some of these muscles move blood throughout our body in order to deliver oxygen to all of our cells.
One of the many important muscles in our body is our heart. Our heart is part of our Circulatory system. our Circulatory system is very important it pumps blood throughout our body to make us live. our blood is very important because it has oxygen in it, but without the heart it would not be pumped around the body.
One big part of the circulatory system is the blood. The blood carries oxygen throughout our bodies. It also supplies sugar to power some of the parts of our body. It carries hormones that help us grow and get bigger and help us fend off germs.
In our bodies we have white blood cells in our blood. They are only 1% of blood. They are essential for good health and help us live longer, and protect us against diseases. When you get sick, white blood cells fight off the germs. Think of them like your own little army that protect your body from getting attacked by germs. White blood cells have a short life span of 1 - 3 days so your bone marrow is constantly making them.
Red blood cells our important part of our blood too! they carry oxygen throughout our body, blood is bright red from the oxygen that the red blood cells carry. Red blood cells also remove carbon dioxide from your body, we can not get too much carbon dioxide in our body or we will die, but the red blood cells takes it back to the lungs to breath out. Red blood cells are round and flattish like a doughnut without a hole in the middle.
If we got a cut we bleed, but if we didn’t have platelets we would not stop bleeding and die. Platelets make scabs, they form a shell around the cut and forms a something like web. Platelets are made in your bone marrow so they are constantly being made. Platelets usually live for eight to ten days. So platelets do a lot to help our body from dying even though they are very small. But without plasma these components are nothing because they could not flow through the body! Plasma carries the red, white blood cells and platelets throughout the body. Plasma is a liquid it is the fourth state of matter. So without Plasma the stuff in our blood without plasma!
Did you know that all of a kids blood vessels combined in there body is 60,000 miles! That's three times around the Earth, and 100,000 miles for an adult! Blood vessels are very important they carry blood throughout your body so your body can get oxygen. There are many different types of blood vessels like capillaries. All blood is carried in your blood vessels. Without your blood vessels your blood would flow all over your body. When you get cut, it is when one of your blood vessels opens up so then your blood flows out.
A part of your blood vessels is arteries, they carry the rich oxygen filled blood to the tissue of your body. arteries are a muscular tube inside your smooth muscles. Your arteries have three layers they are the The intima, the inner layer lined by a smooth tissue called endothelial. The media, a layer of muscle that lets arteries handle the high pressures from the heart. And the adventitious, connective tissue anchoring arteries to nearby tissues. But that's not it there is more vessels to help your body like the veins. Veins are basically the vessels forming blood circulation around the body. It will usually carry oxygen - depleted blood to the heart. Veins are a big part in your blood vessels and help our body move and live. We also have a smaller type of blood vessels which are the capillaries. Capillaries are the tiny vessels that pass blood from the arteries into the veins. They are very small, at the largest getting to about 10 micrometers in diameter. Different capillaries do different things sometimes to. Capillaries they are very important in your body, you mostly see capillaries in like your face or wrists. Capillaries are very important parts of your body and do a lot to help you. So blood vessels do a lot in your body and spread very long, flow blood throughout your body, and help you move!
The heart is the one that pumps all of the blood through the body, without the heart none of the blood would move and your body wouldn’t get any oxygen. Your heart sits between your lungs almost in the middle of your chest. It pumps blood to all of your organs and tissues and cells in your body through blood vessels. Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients that every cell needs and takes out the dangerous waste. Your heart has four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. The left atrium is The upper right chamber of the heart. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it down into the left ventricle which delivers it to the body. There is also the left ventricle it is located in the bottom left of your heart and its job in your body is to pump blood into the systemic circulation through the aorta. The next part is the Right atrium, it is where the deoxygenated blood. It then sends it to the lungs so the lungs can put fresh and new oxygen into it. The other right is the right ventricle. The right ventricle takes the job of pumping that deoxygenated to the lungs so it has a way of getting there. Those are the main parts of the heart and now you know some of the things that they do!
The circulatory system is a big part of our body and helps us do stuff such as walk around, talk, and so much more because it is the way we breathe! That is most of the circulatory and now you know how important it is to you!
One of the big parts of you breathing is coming from the work of your Respiratory system. There are a series of tubes that the air passes through into your lungs. The steps it takes are first it travels through your nose or mouth to warm up and wet the air, Then your air travels down through your Voice box and down your windpipe. The windpipe then splits into two bronchial tubes that enter your lungs. A thin flap of tissue is called the epiglottis, it covers your windpipe for when you swallow. This prevents food and fluids from entering your air passage that leads to the lungs. But nothing would be able to do that without the major parts of the tube that the air passes through. Such as the larynx, pharynx, vocal cords, voice box, epiglottis, and trachea.
The larynx is part of the tube that flows through your neck into the lungs. It is tough and flexible, and connects the pharynx to the trachea in your neck. It plays a big role in the respiratory system because it allows air to pass through it while having food and liquids not blocking up the airway. It also contains the voice box,which helps you speak. You will learn more about the voice box later. The larynx plays a big role in your respiratory system, it helps you so you won't stop breathing from food blocking your airway also known as choking. The larynx does a lot to help our body! But without your epiglottis you would choke every time you took a bite of your food. Your epiglottis is part of your larynx, it is a flap that makes sure that the food that you eat, doesn’t go into your windpipe then you would choke. It has a thin, leaf shaped structure at the border of the larynx. Your epiglottis does a lot to save your body from harmful things like choking. it does a big part in your larynx! Except how would you communicate with others if you didn’t have your voice box and vocal cords! Your voice box is at the back of your throat at the very top of your air passage called your trachea. Inside are two vocal cords, which are at the topmost part of your vocal folds. Another part of you speaking is your voice box. Everyone has two vocal cords in there larynx, they vibrate when you speak to make a voice come out of your mouth. Vocal cords and your voice box do a lot to help your body, without them you would not be able to talk! A big part of your respiratory system is your trachea (windpipe). Your Trachea connects your larynx to your bronchi tube in your neck right down into your lungs. It is a big tube for air flow through your neck, it carries a lot of air through and sometimes you can feel it in your neck. The windpipe is a very interesting and big part of your larynx and body. So now you have learned how your upper part of your respiratory is very important to you surviving as a human being, it helps you from not choking, helps you breath, and helps you live your normal life as a human. Without the place for all of the air to go, none of this would be able to be stored and carbon-dioxide would kill you within minutes of when you were born because of all of the bad carbon-dioxide. But you have your lungs to get rid of all of that and breath it out. Your lungs are located right at your chest, you have two lungs and they both have many interesting components to them. The way that you breath in and out, when you breath in your diaphragm contracts or tightens and moves downward. this makes more room for your lungs and then your lungs get bigger and have more room. Muscles on your rib cage also help by making your rib cage go upward and outward when you breath to also help. The series of tubes get the air to your lungs, the air comes in when you breath through your mouth or nose, and carbon - dioxide and air goes out when you breathe out. Except there is no where for the air to go, wait, we have our lungs! Our lungs provide us with vital oxygen and are a pair of spongy organs. your lungs remove carbon - dioxide from your body, carbon dioxide is not good for your body it is very harmful and you could die from too much. The inner surface of your lungs would cover up to 80 - 100 meters of land! the lungs also provide us with the air to speak and laugh. Part of your lungs exhaling and inhaling is your diaphragm muscle. your diaphragm contracts to give more room for your lungs to inhale because your lungs get bigger when you breath in. Then it gets bigger to push some of the air out while the lungs get rid of the carbon - dioxide. Your diaphragm does a lot of help to your lungs. Plus the air couldn’t get into the lungs without your bronchial tubes. Your bronchial tube is in your lungs, they let the air in and out of your lungs so you can breath. They are sometimes referred to the bronchi or airways. The bronchi is another part of your tubes into your lungs, they split in half (two tubes) that go into each lung. Then comes your bronchioles. Your bronchioles are smaller than your other tubes, they allow the exchange of air and waste between the alveolar ducts and the terminal bronchiolar. That is most of the tubes that pass into your lungs and do lots of things to help you lungs breath in and out. The last part of this interesting system is the alveoli. The alveoli are these tiny little sacks that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to go between the lungs and bloodstream. This is also referred to as the exchange of gases which is what I just described. The Respiratory system is very important in your body! I hope you learned lots about how it helps your body survive. The Respiratory system is an awesome part of your body and I hope you think the same.
The Digestive system Is a big part of our survival as human beings. It is the part of the body that helps you get rid of the food that you eat and give your body the nutrients from the food you have eaten. your digestive system does a lot to give your body the energy it needs, but that's not all. find out more in this paper about the digestive system and how it helps us.
Without the mouth to be an opening for the food to come in and give you the energy, you wouldn’t be able to eat anything because how would you get your food into your body. Your mouth is in the lower part of your face and is where the food enters your body. It is surrounded by the lips, it is also where you voice is emitted. In your mouth are your teeth which produce something called mechanical digestion. Mechanical digestion is simply achieved by mechanisms or moving. A part of mechanical digestion is chewing your food up which is done by your teeth. It also includes peristalsis which you will learn about later. There are lots of parts to mechanical digestion helping you but that's not all, we also have chemical digestion with saliva.
It is almost exactly as it sounds, your digestive system uses chemicals to break down your food inside you with chemicals. Digestive enzymes and water work together to break down the food so it can continue down the road in your digestive system. After the food is broken down the nutrients leaves out of your small intestine and gets into your capillaries running along the small intestine. Except, we forgot something, the tongue! You know what the tongue is, the weird little fleshy muscle thingy in your mouth that moves around when you eat, yeah, except it does a lot more than you think it does. Your tongue is a muscular organ in your mouth, it is covered with a moist pink tissue called mucosa.
On your tongue are tiny bumps called papillae which gives your tongue its rough texture. Thousands of taste buds cover the surfaces of the papillae. Your taste buds are a collection of nerve like cells that connect to the brain. Your tongue is connected to your mouth from webs of tissue and mucosa. A big part of your tongue is it rolls up the chewed food that you have eaten so it can go down your esophagus. The ball that is rolled by your tongue is called bolus (Latin for ball). There is not much to the bolus beside it being a ball of food that is wet and gross that is formed by your tongue. Those are most of the things in our digestive system that play a big role that you might not know of! Dang it! I forgot the movements in your throat called peristalsis. Peristalsis is the wave like movement in your esophagus that pushes down the Bolus (Ball of food) to your stomach to be digested. It is made up of smooth muscles and a quick fact, what do you think happens when reverse peristalsis happens? You throw up the food that your stomach said no to! Like I said earlier the food goes into the stomach. Without the stomach the food that you ate wouldn’t give you energy at all! Without the stomach giving a passageway to your intestines AND breaking down your food. Your stomach is very important it makes enzymes and chemicals to break down your food, after your stomach breaks down that food it continues down to your small intestine where it takes all of the nutrients out of the food and into your capillaries running along it to give your body energy.
Now that we were talking about, do you know what the small intestine is? We will talk about it later. Next up is the digestive juices, Those are the juices made up of saliva, stomach acid, and bile juice. The Bile Juices are from our gallbladder and liver, it takes away the fat in the food that we eat. The other juices mainly break down the food in your stomach. Another juice in the stomach is chyme. Chyme is a juice like substance that extracts the nutrients from the food that you eat to give it to the blood vessels to carry throughout your body and give nutrients to the parts that needed it. Chyme does lots to help our bodies grow, giving us nutrients, breaking down the bolus and more. Those are the important juices in your body that help break down food and give your body nutrients. A big part of the digestive system is the small intestine which we talked about earlier. The small intestine is about 20 feet long! It is a muscular tube with 3 parts.
The first part of the small intestine is the duodenum, it breaks down the food so it can pass through the rest of your body. The next part is the jejunum, it takes the nutrients from your food and sends it into your bloodstream. Something that plays a big role, but are microscopic! These are called Villi. Villi help absorb food quicker in the digestive system, they are the parts that absorb the nutrients and send it through the body for parts that need energy. Without the nutrients going through the body, it is like the gas for our body. We have to fill up on food to power our body with energy so we can move and not just slop on the couch. Except you would think the next thing that comes is Large intestine, but it is the pancreas! The pancreas is a flat, and is scrunched between your stomach and spine. It controls your blood sugar levels, which if it didn’t you could get very sick. Your pancreas does a lot to help your body and so does your Gallbladder and Liver. Your liver is an organ that weighs 3 pounds and under it sits the gallbladder, but we will focus on the liver for now. The liver works to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract to give the body clean and healthy blood. Your liver also makes proteins to give your body strength. A part of your digestive system that sits under your liver is your gallbladder. Your gallbladder is very small compared to your liver and is right below it. Your gallbladder stores bile made from your liver. After you eat dinner or have lunch it is empty and flat, before it would be full of bile. Your gallbladder then sends that bile down into your small intestine. If you were wondering what the thing that I was talking about called bile, here is what it is. Bile is a fluid that is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine. It is green and brown and helps digestion. It breaks down fats into smaller fats to store in your body. Bile does a lot to help digestion and your life. Now comes the big, but short large intestine. Your large intestine plays the task of absorbing vitamins and water while digesting food into feces. It is about 5 feet in length and about two and a half inches across. Your Large intestine does a lot to help your body but the big part is how it absorbs water into the bloodstream. This helps your body by giving you the things you need to survive, it does sort of what your small intestine does but does it for water and vitamins. All of the food you eat then comes out a hole called your anus which is the end of your digestion.
Your digestive system is a big part of your survival as a human, you might think it doesn’t do much but it is very interesting. You now know all about the big parts of the digestive system and how this amazing thing works to keep you alive!
The last big part of your body is your nervous system, it helps you feel with you five senses and without it you could die! Your nervous system is a series of nerves that travel throughout your body. If your nerves don’t work you could get injured badly or die, like you could be sitting on a spike but not feel anything. Your nervous system is the most supercalifragilisticexpialidocious part of your body and does a lot of work too!
So your nervous system controls a lot of you body but would be nothing without the brain, and you would die without it. Your brain is like the control station of your body, it basically controls everything. It is the biggest part of your nervous system and has lots of stuff. A part of your brain is the cerebrum, it is a large folded mass of nervous tissue that takes up the majority of the brain. All of your conscious thoughts come from the cerebrum, but that's not all! We also have a cerebellum. The cerebellum coordinates and functions muscle movements and sits behind the brain. It is smaller than the cerebrum and is under it. Then going down from the brain is the medulla ( Brainstem). It is a very important part of your nervous system, without it you would not be able to coordinate with the rest of your body. Your Brain is a big part of your body, it helps us with everything we do ( literally, everything.). Your brain is by for the most important part of your nervous system and shows it.
Next up is the part that helps you feel, smell, taste, hear ,and see. They are your nerves! Your nerves run throughout your body fro out to your arms and down to your feet. Your nerves are bundled together and send messages through your body and up to your brain to tell you what you have felt or tasted. Say you are having a delicious ice cream cone, but your nerves from your mouth to brain didn’t work, you wouldn’t taste anything or feel the cold chill of the ice cream on your tongue. Your nerves are very important to your body, without them you could die. You wouldn’t think this but, there are different types of nerves! The first one is called the sensory nerves. Your sensory nerves send the messages for scenes like touching your dog or smelling cookies. They then send the information to your brain to tell your body what you just touched. Then is the other type of nerve, it is called a motor nerve. Your Motor nerves trigger muscles to contract. All of your voluntary muscle movements are caused by your motor nerves. Your Nerves are a very important part of your body and I hope you learned something from this paragraph!
An Amazing and very important part of your nervous system is your spinal cord, which goes down your back until about your pelvis. Your spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers, it's like lots of strings tied up like a rope except that there nerves. Your Spinal cord is the connection to your brain and it takes in all of the signals from nerves that have been picked up. If you get paralyzed you can’t move you body in some places because your motor nerves could not get the signal to your brain. Your spinal cord is very important to your body, without it you would not be able to move or feel! A part of your touch and feel is you millions of trillions of neurons. Your neurons carry the messages sent from your brain or nerves to tell your body what you just felt or did. The human brain has about 100 billion neurons, they are extremely small too! Neurons are very important because they carry messages to the rest of your body, without them you would not be able to do really anything. A small part of your nervous system ids the synapses, they basically just put a little gap in between some neurons. Your nerves have these tiny things called dendrites. Dendrites carry information back to the cell body, and the axons take the information away from the cell body. All of these conclude to the five senses. Your five senses our… Touch, the sense that causes you to feel something, Smell, the sense of you smelling something like cookies and your body telling you what it is, sight, your sense of sight allows you to see without it you would be blind. Sense of taste, this sense allows you to taste that delicious cupcake in your mouth, and you sense of hearing. Your hearing is what allows you to hear what your teacher is saying to you.
Your Nervous system is very important to your body, without it you would die. Your nervous system causes your five senses and is the best part of your body. It is also what allows you to run and walk and do you everyday stuff. Your nervous system is the best and most supercalifragilisticexpialidocious of them all!
In conclusion, the human body has many systems that each work hard to do specific jobs to benefit our bodies, but they also work together successfully to ensure our well-being. The skeletal system provides us support, protection, and structure while the muscular allows us to move, breath, and digest food. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body while getting rid of waste products and the respiratory system swaps out oxygen and carbon - dioxide. Finally, the digestive system converts food into energy while the nervous system uses that energy to make decisions and maintain memories. I appreciate the time you took to read these essays and hope that you learned something valuable. So the next time you move a muscle or take in a breath, I hope you’ll think about how impressive our human body really is!
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