Did you know that our bodies create about a gallon of mucus in just two days! I do. In fact, I know a lot of other interesting information about the human body, and YOU WILL TOO if you read my paper! Within this document, you will find six different body system essays including the muscular, skeletal, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems, which all work together to operate our body. All of these systems have different components, each with their own unique functions that help to keep us alive. However, each system cannot operate alone - they need each other to be successful. For example, the nutrients gathered by the digestive system get distributed throughout the body in the circulatory system! Over the previous 12 weeks, we gathered information, organized our thoughts, and paraphrased what trusted websites taught us about each system. We worked with responsibility partners and our papers definitely benefited from the collaboration. Just like each human body system needs to rely on the other systems, we relied on each other to improve our writing and our process. The following is the result of our hard work...
Skeletal System:
Our skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. These bones work together to provide our body with support so we can walk around, and protect our vital organs like our heart and our brain! Our bones even make and store blood cells for our circulatory system! Without our bones, we would be nothing more than a pile of skin, organ, and muscle on the floor. We wouldn’t be able to move and our organs wouldn’t be safe!
Our bones are made up of many layers. These layers are important because we need our bones to be strong, yet lightweight. In order to achieve this goal, the outside layer of bone is made up of solid, compact bone that makes our bones strong and dense. The next layer of bone is called cancellous (a.k.a. spongy bone). This layer allows our bones to be lightweight and transitions us from compact bone into bone marrow. Bone marrow is a thick and spongy section in the middle of bone where where red and white blood cells are formed.
Finally, our bones are all covered in a thin membrane called periosteum which is where our muscles attach to bones. So that is how bones are structured in order to keep our bodies strong, yet lightweight! But..
Our skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. These bones work together to provide our body with support so we can walk around, and protect our vital organs like our heart and our brain! Our bones even make and store blood cells for our circulatory system! Without our bones, we would be nothing more than a pile of skin, organ, and muscle on the floor. We wouldn’t be able to move and our organs wouldn’t be safe!
Our bones are made up of many layers. These layers are important because we need our bones to be strong, yet lightweight. In order to achieve this goal, the outside layer of bone is made up of solid, compact bone that makes our bones strong and dense. The next layer of bone is called cancellous (a.k.a. spongy bone). This layer allows our bones to be lightweight and transitions us from compact bone into bone marrow. Bone marrow is a thick and spongy section in the middle of bone where where red and white blood cells are formed.
Finally, our bones are all covered in a thin membrane called periosteum which is where our muscles attach to bones. So that is how bones are structured in order to keep our bodies strong, yet lightweight! But..
...Although bones are extremely important, we wouldn't be able to move without joints. Joints are places where two or more bones meet. There are several types of joints in our bodies, but we’ll just focus on four of them. The first type of joint is called a hinge joint. Just like the hinges on a door, they allow movement back and forth. We have hinge joints at our elbows and knees, and we even have them in our knuckles! Another type of joint is called a ball and socket joint. This is where one bone has a ball at the end of it and the other bone has a “baseball mitt” for the ball to sit in. Our shoulders and hips are examples of ball and socket joints. The third type of joint that we studied was called a gliding joint. Gliding joints are places where two or more bones meet and slide past each other. Our wrists and ankles are two examples of gliding joints. The last type of joint is called the pivot joint. A pivot joint works when one bone acts like a ring and the other bone sits inside the ring and rotates. Our neck is an example of a pivot joint because it can rotate around and move up and down. At each joint, a soft, squishy, material can be found between bones which keeps them from rubbing each other which would be painful. This material is called cartilage. Cartilage, which is bendable, can also be found in our ears and nose. But all of this wouldn’t be possible if it weren't for ligaments holding all of our bones together at each joint. Ligaments are long, stretchy tissue that connect bone to other bone and stabilize joints. Without these ligaments in place, bones wouldn’t stay attached to each other and wouldn’t allow joints to move. It’s interesting to note that people who are double-jointed actually just have extremely stretchy ligaments! Joints definitely make movement possible and without them, we’d have a hard time getting around our world.
Bones definitely are important parts of our human body. They allow us to move, help provide us structure and support, protect our important organs, and even make blood cells! Because bones are designed so well, they are strong yet lightweight. Thanks to joints, ligaments, and cartilage, we are able to bend and move throughout our world. Finally, the muscles in our body attach to bones, giving us the power to actually move around.
Bones definitely are important parts of our human body. They allow us to move, help provide us structure and support, protect our important organs, and even make blood cells! Because bones are designed so well, they are strong yet lightweight. Thanks to joints, ligaments, and cartilage, we are able to bend and move throughout our world. Finally, the muscles in our body attach to bones, giving us the power to actually move around.
Muscular System:
The muscular system helps the human body move around and have fun! Let’s say you want to move your arms around, eat a sandwich, or run, you use your muscles! There are many different types of muscles and they all serve different purposes (e.g. movement, pumping blood, dilating your pupils). Some of these purposes are controlled by us, while others are controlled automatically by the muscle cell or the brain.
There are two types of categories of muscles in the human body: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that we have in control over. They are the muscles that control our body’s movements and are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles in our body. They pull on bones to cause us to move. Skeletal muscles never push, they only pull, and that’s why they are nearly always found in pairs. One example of this is the biceps and triceps that are located in our upper arms. When the biceps want to pull the lower arm up, they contract or shrink, while the triceps relax or expand. When the triceps want to pull the arm down, they contract while the biceps relax. This is an example of muscles working together to make movement. But those muscles wouldn’t be able to do any of this without tendons connecting them to the bones that they move! Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that blend into bones and enable them to move the bones that they were supposed to move. Although skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles, there are two different types of involuntary muscle!
Unlike voluntary muscles, Involuntary muscles do stuff automatically without knowing it. There are two examples of involuntary muscles. They are cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Cardiac and smooth muscles are similar because they work automatically, by themselves. Cardiac muscles are muscles that are only found in our heart, and are responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. They work without us thinking about them and they contract and relax throughout our entire lives. Smooth muscles are found inside many of your organs (e.g. intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bladder) and help move food through our body. Smooth muscles can also be found in your eyes and your blood vessels. Smooth muscle cells look like one big cell, but are actually a bunch of smaller, smooth cells all grouped together (unlike the striated, skeletal cells).
So clearly, there are many different types of involuntary muscles that do things we had no idea about. Including important tasks like pumping blood and digesting food!
The muscular system is a powerful system that allows us to move, convert food into energy, and circulate blood throughout our body. Our muscles make up over half of our body weight and give our body tone and shape. In the next essay, learn how some of these muscles move blood throughout our body in order to deliver oxygen to all of our cells.
The muscular system helps the human body move around and have fun! Let’s say you want to move your arms around, eat a sandwich, or run, you use your muscles! There are many different types of muscles and they all serve different purposes (e.g. movement, pumping blood, dilating your pupils). Some of these purposes are controlled by us, while others are controlled automatically by the muscle cell or the brain.
There are two types of categories of muscles in the human body: voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary muscles are muscles that we have in control over. They are the muscles that control our body’s movements and are attached to bones. Skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles in our body. They pull on bones to cause us to move. Skeletal muscles never push, they only pull, and that’s why they are nearly always found in pairs. One example of this is the biceps and triceps that are located in our upper arms. When the biceps want to pull the lower arm up, they contract or shrink, while the triceps relax or expand. When the triceps want to pull the arm down, they contract while the biceps relax. This is an example of muscles working together to make movement. But those muscles wouldn’t be able to do any of this without tendons connecting them to the bones that they move! Tendons are flexible bands of tissue that blend into bones and enable them to move the bones that they were supposed to move. Although skeletal muscles are the only type of voluntary muscles, there are two different types of involuntary muscle!
Unlike voluntary muscles, Involuntary muscles do stuff automatically without knowing it. There are two examples of involuntary muscles. They are cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Cardiac and smooth muscles are similar because they work automatically, by themselves. Cardiac muscles are muscles that are only found in our heart, and are responsible for pumping blood throughout our body. They work without us thinking about them and they contract and relax throughout our entire lives. Smooth muscles are found inside many of your organs (e.g. intestines, esophagus, stomach, and bladder) and help move food through our body. Smooth muscles can also be found in your eyes and your blood vessels. Smooth muscle cells look like one big cell, but are actually a bunch of smaller, smooth cells all grouped together (unlike the striated, skeletal cells).
So clearly, there are many different types of involuntary muscles that do things we had no idea about. Including important tasks like pumping blood and digesting food!
The muscular system is a powerful system that allows us to move, convert food into energy, and circulate blood throughout our body. Our muscles make up over half of our body weight and give our body tone and shape. In the next essay, learn how some of these muscles move blood throughout our body in order to deliver oxygen to all of our cells.
Circulatory System:
Blood is an important part of the body. It keeps the body healthy and moves oxygen throughout the body to keep it alive. Blood has more than just red blood cells, it has white blood cells and red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. White blood cells are part of the of the germ-fighting immune system. They are almost like little warriors fighting all the bad bacteria and the bad viruses. Each white blood cell has it’s own role in fighting of germs that make people sick. If you didn’t have any white blood cells in the body, you would have a greater chance of getting really sick. Red blood cells have an important job in the body. They are the ones who carry oxygen all around the body. They start their journey from the lungs, where they pick up the oxygen from the air we breathe. Then they travel all the way down to the heart which pumps out the blood and delivers the oxygen around the body. Your body has many tiny cells which are called platelets. They play an important job when you get a cut. They stick together to plug the hole in the blood vessel wall caused by the cut. Eventually, the clot dries out and forms into a scab to protect the new skin underneath. Plasma is a yellowish liquid that carries nutrients, hormones, and proteins throughout the body. If we didn’t have plasma, we would have very little blood because it makes up most of it.
The body needs blood vessels because they are the ones who attach to the heart and bring blood to our lungs. Blood vessels also carry blood throughout our body. There are two main parts of the blood vessel, arteries and veins. Arteries which usually look red, are the ones who carry blood away from the heart and out to the rest of your body. They have very thick walls which allow them to remain undamaged and still to the pressure created as your heart pumps blood forcefully. As blood travels out and away from the heart, the arteries become smaller and smaller until finally the blood enters into what are known as capillaries. Capillaries are a network of tiny cells that connect to the arteries and veins. Though they are tiny, they are one of the most important parts of the circulatory system. They are the ones that deliver nutrients and oxygen to the cells. They also get rid of waste products like carbon dioxide.
The heart is the most hard working muscle in the whole circulatory system. It’s the one that sends blood all around the body. The heart has four chambers that help it work: The left atrium, the left ventricle, the right atrium, and the right ventricle. They are blood-filled areas that all have the different job to do. The left atrium is located on the upper left chamber of the heart. It receives blood from the pulmonary veins. The right atrium is located on the upper right chamber of the heart. It receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus. The left ventricle is also located on the upper left chamber of the heart. It receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta. The right ventricle is located on the upper right chamber of the heart. It receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk.
So the circulatory system is a great system that does lots of jobs. It works to keep us healthy and to keep us working and alive. Most of our body is made up of blood and hard working cells. Thanks to the cells, we can live our life!
Blood is an important part of the body. It keeps the body healthy and moves oxygen throughout the body to keep it alive. Blood has more than just red blood cells, it has white blood cells and red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. White blood cells are part of the of the germ-fighting immune system. They are almost like little warriors fighting all the bad bacteria and the bad viruses. Each white blood cell has it’s own role in fighting of germs that make people sick. If you didn’t have any white blood cells in the body, you would have a greater chance of getting really sick. Red blood cells have an important job in the body. They are the ones who carry oxygen all around the body. They start their journey from the lungs, where they pick up the oxygen from the air we breathe. Then they travel all the way down to the heart which pumps out the blood and delivers the oxygen around the body. Your body has many tiny cells which are called platelets. They play an important job when you get a cut. They stick together to plug the hole in the blood vessel wall caused by the cut. Eventually, the clot dries out and forms into a scab to protect the new skin underneath. Plasma is a yellowish liquid that carries nutrients, hormones, and proteins throughout the body. If we didn’t have plasma, we would have very little blood because it makes up most of it.
The body needs blood vessels because they are the ones who attach to the heart and bring blood to our lungs. Blood vessels also carry blood throughout our body. There are two main parts of the blood vessel, arteries and veins. Arteries which usually look red, are the ones who carry blood away from the heart and out to the rest of your body. They have very thick walls which allow them to remain undamaged and still to the pressure created as your heart pumps blood forcefully. As blood travels out and away from the heart, the arteries become smaller and smaller until finally the blood enters into what are known as capillaries. Capillaries are a network of tiny cells that connect to the arteries and veins. Though they are tiny, they are one of the most important parts of the circulatory system. They are the ones that deliver nutrients and oxygen to the cells. They also get rid of waste products like carbon dioxide.
The heart is the most hard working muscle in the whole circulatory system. It’s the one that sends blood all around the body. The heart has four chambers that help it work: The left atrium, the left ventricle, the right atrium, and the right ventricle. They are blood-filled areas that all have the different job to do. The left atrium is located on the upper left chamber of the heart. It receives blood from the pulmonary veins. The right atrium is located on the upper right chamber of the heart. It receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus. The left ventricle is also located on the upper left chamber of the heart. It receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta. The right ventricle is located on the upper right chamber of the heart. It receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk.
So the circulatory system is a great system that does lots of jobs. It works to keep us healthy and to keep us working and alive. Most of our body is made up of blood and hard working cells. Thanks to the cells, we can live our life!
Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is one of our main systems in the body. It is the system that helps us breathe. Without the respiratory system, we would die because the body needs air. Air is so important, that it is all around us.
Air comes into our body in a very special way. First you breathe the air into your body by using your mouth or nose. The mouth and nose wets and warms the air because cold air can irritate the throat. Once the air is inside the body, it travels through the voice box. The voice box which is also known as the larynx, is located in your throat. It works with the air from the lungs to let you talk, sing, hum and make all different weird noises. After the air has traveled through your voice box, it goes down the windpipe. The windpipe which is also known as the trachea, carries air in and out of the lungs.
The lungs are the most important part of the respiratory system and one of the largest organs in your body. The lungs have an important job to do. Their job is to transport oxygen from the air you breathe, into your bloodstream while taking away carbon dioxide. The bronchioles are also an important part of breathing.
Now we enter the part of the body that looks like a tree. So after the air travels through the larynx, windpipe, and the lungs, it goes down through the bronchial tube. Imagine a tree. The bronchial tube is located in the lungs and acts like the trunk of a tree. These bronchial tube lets air in and out of your lungs so you can breathe. Once the air passes through the bronchial tube, it goes down to the bronchus. The bronchus are like the branches of a tree and are part of the bronchial tube. The bronchus are two large tubes which are air passages. These tubes then subdivide down to smaller tubes which are known as bronchi. The bronchi, which are also known as the main stem bronchi, act like twigs from a tree, They also subdivide but not into even smaller tubes. They subdivide into tiny air sacs called alveoli. Alveoli are like little bunches of grapes on a tree. Something very important takes place in the alveoli and the lungs. It’s exchange of gases. Exchange of gases is where the process of transferring oxygen from the air to the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood to the air happens. But the diaphragm is also important because it practically controls everything.
Everything that is going on in the body while you breathe is all controlled by the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle that works with your lungs to help you inhale and exhale air that you breathe in. Without the diaphragm, you wouldn’t be able to breathe because it is the main muscle and without a main muscle, nothing is going to happen in the body.
You can see that the respiratory system is really important because it works with air. It is one of the most important system. It does lots of important jobs like moving air through our body and taking away carbon dioxide from the body. In the next essay, you will learn about the digestive system and how it works.
The respiratory system is one of our main systems in the body. It is the system that helps us breathe. Without the respiratory system, we would die because the body needs air. Air is so important, that it is all around us.
Air comes into our body in a very special way. First you breathe the air into your body by using your mouth or nose. The mouth and nose wets and warms the air because cold air can irritate the throat. Once the air is inside the body, it travels through the voice box. The voice box which is also known as the larynx, is located in your throat. It works with the air from the lungs to let you talk, sing, hum and make all different weird noises. After the air has traveled through your voice box, it goes down the windpipe. The windpipe which is also known as the trachea, carries air in and out of the lungs.
The lungs are the most important part of the respiratory system and one of the largest organs in your body. The lungs have an important job to do. Their job is to transport oxygen from the air you breathe, into your bloodstream while taking away carbon dioxide. The bronchioles are also an important part of breathing.
Now we enter the part of the body that looks like a tree. So after the air travels through the larynx, windpipe, and the lungs, it goes down through the bronchial tube. Imagine a tree. The bronchial tube is located in the lungs and acts like the trunk of a tree. These bronchial tube lets air in and out of your lungs so you can breathe. Once the air passes through the bronchial tube, it goes down to the bronchus. The bronchus are like the branches of a tree and are part of the bronchial tube. The bronchus are two large tubes which are air passages. These tubes then subdivide down to smaller tubes which are known as bronchi. The bronchi, which are also known as the main stem bronchi, act like twigs from a tree, They also subdivide but not into even smaller tubes. They subdivide into tiny air sacs called alveoli. Alveoli are like little bunches of grapes on a tree. Something very important takes place in the alveoli and the lungs. It’s exchange of gases. Exchange of gases is where the process of transferring oxygen from the air to the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood to the air happens. But the diaphragm is also important because it practically controls everything.
Everything that is going on in the body while you breathe is all controlled by the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome shaped muscle that works with your lungs to help you inhale and exhale air that you breathe in. Without the diaphragm, you wouldn’t be able to breathe because it is the main muscle and without a main muscle, nothing is going to happen in the body.
You can see that the respiratory system is really important because it works with air. It is one of the most important system. It does lots of important jobs like moving air through our body and taking away carbon dioxide from the body. In the next essay, you will learn about the digestive system and how it works.
Digestive System:
The digestive system has many parts to it that work hard to let you digest the food that you eat everyday and get nutrients and energy that the body needs! There is the mouth, the teeth, saliva, the tongue, the bolus, and even more hard working parts! They all help the body get nutrients and energy that it needs!
The digestive system has many parts to it that work hard to let you digest the food that you eat everyday and get nutrients and energy that the body needs! There is the mouth, the teeth, saliva, the tongue, the bolus, and even more hard working parts! They all help the body get nutrients and energy that it needs!
Nervous System:
The nervous system is made up of different organs that play important roles in the body like the brain, spinal cord, and a huge network of nerves. But the brain controls everything! It’s the most important organ in the nervous system and does the most important jobs.
The brain isn’t just one big organ, it is divided into different parts like the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. They are all part of the brain and have important jobs to do too. The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain. It is the part that lets you think and it controls your voluntary muscles which are the ones that you are able to control like dancing. Your memory also lives inside the cerebrum, short term and long. Without the cerebrum, you wouldn’t be able to solve a math problem and remember what you ate for dinner last night! The cerebellum though, is located at the back of the brain and right below the cerebrum. It is a lot smaller than the cerebrum and does different jobs. The cerebellum is the one that controls balance, the muscles, and how the muscles work together. Without the cerebellum, you couldn’t stand up, move around, and keep your balance. The last part of the brain is the brain stem. The brain stem which is also known as the Medulla is smaller than the cerebrum and the cerebellum but still mighty! It sits beneath the cerebrum and right in front of the cerebellum. The brain stem connects the rest of the brain with the spinal cord which runs down the neck and the back. It’s in charge of all the functions your body needs to stay alive, like breathing air, digesting food, and pumping blood. The brain stem also has the job of controlling the involuntary muscles. Those are the muscles that work automatically without you thinking about them. An example might be blinking or the heart pumping blood. You don’t think about doing it, you just do it.
The nervous system is made up of different organs that play important roles in the body like the brain, spinal cord, and a huge network of nerves. But the brain controls everything! It’s the most important organ in the nervous system and does the most important jobs.
The brain isn’t just one big organ, it is divided into different parts like the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. They are all part of the brain and have important jobs to do too. The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain. It is the part that lets you think and it controls your voluntary muscles which are the ones that you are able to control like dancing. Your memory also lives inside the cerebrum, short term and long. Without the cerebrum, you wouldn’t be able to solve a math problem and remember what you ate for dinner last night! The cerebellum though, is located at the back of the brain and right below the cerebrum. It is a lot smaller than the cerebrum and does different jobs. The cerebellum is the one that controls balance, the muscles, and how the muscles work together. Without the cerebellum, you couldn’t stand up, move around, and keep your balance. The last part of the brain is the brain stem. The brain stem which is also known as the Medulla is smaller than the cerebrum and the cerebellum but still mighty! It sits beneath the cerebrum and right in front of the cerebellum. The brain stem connects the rest of the brain with the spinal cord which runs down the neck and the back. It’s in charge of all the functions your body needs to stay alive, like breathing air, digesting food, and pumping blood. The brain stem also has the job of controlling the involuntary muscles. Those are the muscles that work automatically without you thinking about them. An example might be blinking or the heart pumping blood. You don’t think about doing it, you just do it.
In conclusion, the human body has many systems that each work hard to do specific jobs to benefit our bodies, but they also work together successfully to make sure we are well. The skeletal system provides support, protection, and structure while the muscular system allows us to move, breathe, and digest food. The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of our body while getting rid of waste products and the respiratory system swaps out the oxygen and carbon dioxide. Finally, the digestive system converts food into energy while the nervous system uses that energy to make decisions and maintain funny memories. I appreciate the time you took to read these essays and hope that you learned something valuable. So the next time you move a muscle or take in a breath, I hope you’ll think about how impressive our human body really is.
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