Introduction To Human Body Research Paper: The human body has six main systems and is a complex machine that is constantly working to keep us alive. Although each system has its own unique jobs to do, they synergize to keep us healthy and active.
The skeletal system is responsible for giving us support, structure, and protection and works together with the muscular system to move our body. Our muscles pull our bones, which allows us to move, jump, and run! The muscular system actually plays an important role in delivering oxygen to our body’s cells. Without the heart, one of our most important muscles, blood wouldn’t be able to travel around our body! Luckily for us, the blood travels through our lungs, where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen that our cells are craving. Speaking of craving, did you ever know that the main purpose of our digestive system isn’t just to digest food? It’s job is actually to take nutrients and water out of what we eat and drink and then deliver it to the circulatory system where it gets delivered to the cells in our body. But none of these systems would work without the direction of our nervous system!
Now let’s get right into it with the skeletal system, where you’ll learn how our bones help us move and protect our organs.
As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
Skeletal System:
The skeleton system is a very vital and unique system. The skeletal systems main part is bone. Bone is very important to the skeleton system because it is what helps us stand up and move. Without our skeletal system, we would not be able to be the flabbergasting (fun/awesome) people we are today!
The bones in our body are made up of four distinct layers. Each of these layers has important responsibilities and are vital to our day-to-day life. The outer layer of bone is called compact bone. Compact bone is solid throughout and enables our body to be supported. Compact bone is so dense that surgeon’s need to use a saw to cut through it. The next layer of bone is called spongy bone and it is lightweight and porous, which prevents our bones from getting too heavy, but still be strong. It makes up about 20% of our skeleton, and it’s found mostly in long bones, joints, and in our spine. The center of many bones are filled with a gelatinous substance called bone marrow. Bone marrow is responsible for creating red blood cells and some of our white blood cells. Bone marrow also makes platelets for our circulatory system. In addition, bone marrow stores iron for when our body needs it. We have two different types of bone marrow: yellow and red. We are born with red marrow, but it slowly changes to yellow over time. Finally, the outermost part of bone is covered in periosteum, a thin, fibrous membrane that covers all bones. The membrane is responsible for helping to create new bone in children and does the same when adults sustain an injury. The periosteum is the site at which ligaments, tendons, and muscles attach to bone! It also contains the blood vessels that allow nutrients and oxygen to the get to the bones! Knowing the four layers of bones can help us to understand just how complex our human body really is! Cartilage is a small part covering the bone that provides support, flexibility, and elasticity to small but important parts of the human body. There are 3 specific types of cartilage named hyaline, elastic, and fibrous and they are all located in different parts of the body. Another important part of the human body is a ligament. This joint is a sheet or band of tough tissue connecting bones and cartilages or supporting muscles as well as organs. Double-jointed people terrifically have unusually flexible kinds of ligaments. Another important part of our joints is a gliding/sliding joint. This joint allows gliding throughout flat surfaces slide over one another. This joint is found in the wrist and ankle. There is also another joint that is located in the knee or elbow. This joint is called the hinge joint and, it only allows movement in one plane, the knee or elbow! This joint also surprisingly only allows movement rotating up and down. There are many different joints that amaze us and another very important joint is the pivot joint. This joint allows only rotary movement (many rotating movements.) The pivot joint is located directly under the skul, which allows for turning of the head from side to side. Also, Pivot joints also provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm. Lastly, the ball and socket joint is a very important joint. The ball and socket joint has the surface shaped as a ball. This joint allows multidirectional movement and rotation. Joints are a significant and important part of the human body. But, there are many other important factors and groups in the human body that make us who we are.
As you can see, the skeletal system has many important jobs to do! It allows us to stand straight up, move our body around, and protect our most important organs. However, the skeletal system can’t move our body by ourself. It needs the help of our muscular system as well!
Have you ever wondered how we move in a regular day full of action and fun? Well the muscular system is what is helping make us live a regular day. Our muscles control all of our movements and help us with basic things such as, to eat a sandwich or to pick up your heavy backpack. Without your muscular system, you would not be able to these basic things. Did you just smiling uses over 70 muscles? Everyone should be thankful for your muscular system because without it, you wouldn’t be you!
Muscular System: The main purpose of our body’s muscular system is movement. Your muscles are a very, very important part of your body. They do a lot of work throughout your body from pumping blood throughout your body and help to lift your heavy books. Our muscles are made up with three different tissues, smooth, skeletal, and cardiac. They each have their own unique functions and ways to operate. In our muscular system, We have voluntary muscles. Voluntary muscles are the muscles that you can control. For example, if you want to run, ride your bike, eat your favourite sandwich, or raise your hand, your voluntary muscles are the ones that are letting you do this. In addition, our muscular system adds on with our skeletal muscle. The skeletal muscle is voluntary because we can choose when we want to move it with our intelligent brains.
Like said before, the muscular system allows us to move. There are more than 600 muscles in the body. Their sizes vary from tiny, such as the muscles that move the eyeballs in the sockets, to very large, such as some of the muscles it the thighs. There are some muscles that we can control and some muscles that we cannot. Voluntary muscles are the ones that you can control. Most of them move your muscles around. If you want to run, walk, ride a bike, wave your arms around, or eat your favorite sandwich, it is your voluntary muscles which move your arms, legs and body around.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles because you can move them. This muscle attaches to the bones, move the skeleton, and are found in the arms, legs, neck, or anywhere that you can voluntarily move in your body. A muscle fiber that generates tension when is properly stimulated is the process called muscle contraction. A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae, all three are made up of collage. Tendons and muscles work together to move bones. Your biceps and triceps are the two muscle groups of your upper arm. The biceps cross both the shoulder and the elbow. The muscles are at the front of the upper arm, starting at the front of the shoulder and ending at the elbow. You can feel the biceps by flexing your arm. The triceps sit at the back of the arm. They start at the back, lower part of the shoulder and end at the elbow, where the ulna, one of the two bones forearm, begins.
Involuntary muscles are the muscles that are not under your conscious which means that your body does all the work without you "telling" it to. For example, when your heart beats, your heart is under involuntary muscles so your body was controlling the movement when you do not notice it. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart which means that they are involuntary. The body does all the work of the cardiac muscles without you controlling the movement that is being occurred. Smooth muscles are also involuntary muscles. All of the muscles being told are all relate in one way. Can you guess? Well they are all involuntary muscles!
The muscular system is perhaps a favorite. All of the muscles are unique and stand out in one way. Each muscle has an important role and the muscular systems muscles always do a splendid job! Have you ever flexed your muscles? Yes indeed those bad boys are part of the muscular system! Although this system does a pretty great job, it needs help from all of the other systems like the circulatory system.
Introduction: Have you ever wondered how our blood works? Our circulatory system is made up of many blood cells and our blood is one of the main factors in the circulatory system. Without our circulatory system we could not be able to be who we are. Our blood has many unique ways to it which makes the circulatory system important.
Circulatory System: There are many main parts of the circulatory system and one main part is blood. Blood has many different kinds and unique ways to it. Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body. The blood helps keep certain values of the body in balance Blood also provides the cells with nutrients, transports hormones and removes waste products, which is the liver, the kidneys or the intestine. Blood has two particular known cells, the red and white blood cells. Red blood cells have an important role in your health by carrying fresh oxygen throughout your body. The oxygen in the blood is what gives the bright red color we know in our blood. Red blood cells are a round kind of a shape with a flat center, for example, like a doughnut without a hole. Your red blood cells are made inside your bones, inside the bone marrow. The red blood cells live for about 120 days and then they die. White blood cells are also an important part of your blood system, which is also made up of red
blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Although your white blood cells account for only about one percent of your blood, their impact is significant. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are essential for good health and protection against illness and disease. White blood cells are located inside your bone marrow. Because some white blood cells have a short lifespan of one to three days, your bone marrow is constantly producing them. There are also something called platelets that play an important role as well. Platelets are colorless blood cells that play an important role in blood clot. They stop blood loss by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel holes. The main function of platelets is to contribute to hemostasis which means to stop bleeding. As you can tell, platelets are important and we need them. Finally, blood plasma comes in. Blood plasma is the liquid component of the blood. Plasma itself is around 90% water, with the 10% remainder including proteins, minerals, waste products, clotting factors, hormones, and more. Without plasma, blood could not travel around the body as well. As plasma circulates through the body, it acts like a milkman making deliveries. The plasma drops off various substances to the cells of the body, and collects waste products for processing. Blood plasma flows constantly, and the components of plasma are constantly being renewed. As you can see, the blood in our body is important and we cannot live without them.
Blood vessels are intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body. This is an essential function as blood delivers valuable nutrients to and removes wastes from our cells . Blood vessels are constructed of layers of connective tissue and muscle . The inner blood vessel layer is formed of endothelium . In capillaries and sinusoids, endothelium comprises the majority of the vessel. The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Each artery is a muscular tube
lined by smooth tissue and has three layers. The largest artery is the aorta, the main high-pressure pipeline connected to the heart's left ventricle.
The aorta branches into a
network of smaller arteries that extend throughout the body. In the circulatory system, veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood. Veins serve to return blood from organs to the heart. In systemic circulation oxygenated blood is pumped by the left ventricle through the arteries to the muscles and organs of the body, where its nutrients and gases are exchanged at capillaries, entering the veins filled with cellular waste and carbon dioxide.Superficial veins are those whose course is close to the surface of the body, and have no corresponding arteries. Deep veins are deeper in the body and have corresponding arteries. The pulmonary veins are a set of veins that deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Systemic veins drain the tissues of the body and deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest tubes, capillaries are also called lymph capillaries.They connect arteries and veins together, they merge to form larger lymph vessels. There are three different kinds of capillaries: the Continuous capillaries, the
Fenestrated capillaries, and the Sinusoidal capillaries.Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are
lots of muscles all over your body — in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind.
Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. Your heart is also believe it or not, a muscle. How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then its muscle contracts to squirt the blood along. When the heart contracts, it squeezes — try squeezing your hand into a fist.That's sort of like what your heart does so it can squirt out the blood.Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time. The heart is one hard worker! The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.
The circulatory system is obviously one of the most important systems of the human body. It controls every blood flow and other very precise and important movements. The circulatory has a big job and good for the circulatory system because it rarely does a poor job! We are very fortunate to have this system working clean and hard for most of the people in the world. God bless the systems! The job also gets done with a little help from the respiratory system.
Have you ever wondered how we breathe? Well without breathing, you could not be reading this. With our respiratory system, magic is happening. Our respiratory is the one helping us breathe in and out. Also, without our respiratory system, we could not do anything in an ordinary day because, we would not have oxygen. We should be thankful for all of our
systems because, they are the things that let us get up and get active!
Body Paragraph 1:
Did you know that air enters your body through your mouth or nose? When you breathe in, the air finds a way into your mouth or nose. Once it gets past your mouth or nose It travels down the trachea to the lungs, where the oxygen in it passes into the bloodstream. Air coming into your body may seem so easy. Do you ever just think, this is a piece of cake? Well air entering the body is a lot more complicated than you think it is. Tiny hairs in the nose trap unwanted particles while a sticky liquid called mucus catches many of the germs before they all can go too far into the respiratory system. The mucus also warms and moistens the air. There are many different parts such as the epiglottis which is the term used to describe inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis which lies just behind the root of your tongue. It is
usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. The voice box, or larynx, is the portion of the
respiratory (breathing) expanse containing the vocal cords which produce sound. It is located between the pharynx and the trachea. The larynx, also called the voice box, is a 2-inch-long, tube-shaped organ in the neck. The larynx is involved in swallowing,breathing, and voice production. Sound is produced when the air which passes through the vocal cords causes them to vibrate and create sound waves in the pharynx, nose and mouth. The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube about 4 inches long and less than an inch in diameter in most people. The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down behind the breastbone (sternum). The trachea then divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi: one bronchus for each lung.
Breathing starts at the nose and mouth. You inhale air
into your nose or mouth, and it travels down the back of your throat and
into your windpipe, or trachea. Your trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes.For your lungs to perform their best, these airways need to be open during inhalation and exhalation and free from inflammation or swelling and excess or abnormal. As
the bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. Your body has over 300 million alveoli.The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the blood.
After absorbing oxygen, the blood leaves the lungs and is carried to your heart. Your heart then pumps it through your body to provide oxygen to the cells of your tissues and organs.
As the cells use the oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood. Your blood then carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it is removed from the body when you exhale.The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular
branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic. The lung is the essential respiration organ in many air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart.When a person breathes, air taken in through the nose or mouth then goes into the trachea (windpipe). From there, it passes through the bronchial tubes, into the lungs, and finally back out again. The bronchial tubes, which branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles, are
sometimes referred to as bronchi or airways. People with asthma have bronchial tubes that are inflamed. This means that the airways swell and produce lots of thick mucus. The bronchial tubes are also overly sensitive, or hyperreactive, to certain things like exercise, dust, or
cigarette smoke. This causes the muscles around the bronchial tubes to tighten up. The combination of inflammation and muscle tightening narrows the airways and makes it difficult.A bronchus (the plural is bronchi) is an airway in your lungs. Your trachea divides into two main bronchi, the left and the right, which go into your lungs like branches. The main bronchi then branch into smaller and smaller.
Digestive System: The digestive system’s meaning is pretty much in its name. Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing and ends in the small intestine. Eventually, the food you are digesting goes into your stomach. Have you ever wondered what the digestive system is? The digestive system is pretty much a bunch of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. You never know but you just ate grilled-chicken pizza and a few orange wedges. Later you go on XBOX and you are playing video games. You dont know it but that grilled chicken Pizza and orange wedges are still laying there in your stomach. If you ask me, the digestive system is pretty rad!
The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body. There are many main parts of the digestive system such as your mouth, teeth, saliva, your tongue, bolus, etc... The tongue in the Digestive system is also a big help. Also, your tongue helps you digest your food by moving the food around the mouth. The bolus is also included in the digestion system. The esophagus passes food from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus runs behind the trachea. The esophagus is a stretchy pipe thats about 10 in. to 25cm long. There is also the Peristalsis which is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The peristalsis’ main job is to push the food down the esophagus. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. Also, when you throw up, the process is called reverse peristalsis. Have you ever wondered where your food gets stored after you digest it? It goes to the stomach. It is the main food storage tank of the body. If it were not for the stomach’s storage capacity, we would have to eat constantly instead of just a few times each day. Well what are the digestive juices? The digestive juices are the separations of the food breaking down in the stomach. Chyme is the the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food. The small intestine is a long, highly challenged tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat. The villus (plural villi) is a finger- like protection in the small intestine that help absorb food more efficiently in the body. The villi Absorbs food & nutrients into the bloodstream. The pancreas is a long flattened organ located in the belly. Because the pancreas isn’t seen or felt in our day to day lives, most people don't know as much about the pancreas as they do about other parts of their bodies. The pancreas is, however, a vital part of the digestive system and a critical controller of blood sugar levels. Pancreatic enzymes help break down fats, proteins and carbohydrates. This fluid contains pancreatic enzymes to help with digestion.The pancreas does not do all the work it gets some help from the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small pouch that sits just under the liver. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver. After meals, the gall bladder is empty and flat, like a deflated balloon. Before a meal, the gallbladder may be full of bile and about the size of a small pear. I bet you have seen the liver on the menu in the restaurant and said, “ew!” and ordered something else. But did you know that there's one liver you don't have to order? It's always right inside your abdomen, up under your ribcage, and it is very important to your health. Your liver is the largest solid organ in your body. By the time you're grown up, it will be about the size of a football. The liver does many jobs, but here are three big ones: It cleans your blood, it produces an important digestive liquid called bile, and it stores energy in the form of a sugar called glycogen. Bile is a yellow-green fluid that is made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder and passes through the common bile duct into the duodenum where it helps digest fat. Your large intestine (also called by the name of colon) helps process waste food. The large intestine or colon absorbs water into the bloodstream while it's doing its work. The anus is the opening at the lower end of the digestive tract that controls the expulsion of feces\poop.
The digestive system is very important to our lives and even though we do not commonly notice it, everybody is super fortunate to have all of our systems! We have many different unique ways our digestive system works and all of the parts such as the long intestine and the small intestine that are both very unique! We can even think of the digestive system in a fun way of making examples into learning!
Introduction: Have you ever wondered where all of our information and body movements come from? Our nervous system is the one that receives information about what is happening in the body and around it. This “highway” is made up of billions of nerve cells, or neurons, which join together to make nerves be who they are. Our nervous system is particularly one of my favorites, (i think it is very fun to learn about) Our nervous system is very important and we need it for our everyday life.
In the nervous system, your brain is the one that assists you into making everyday decisions. For example, your brain decides where you're going to go, what you are going to eat, what you're going to say, and more. To top it all off, your brain is the boss you're entire body. Did you know that your brain looks like a big, wrinkly, gray sponge. The brain has five main parts that help you make these decisions. One of these five main parts is called the cerebrum, this is the biggest part of the brain taking up 85%. The cerebrums job is to control the voluntary muscles. (These muscles are the ones you choose to move.) Your cerebrum also has many other jobs like figuring out math problems, playing video games, drawing a picture, and your short term memory. Another part of the brain is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located at the base of the brain. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain. The cerebellum is in charge of voluntary movements such as posture, balance, and coordination, not to mention being in charge of learning motor behaviors. Next up is the medulla also known as the brainstem. The brainstem is in charge of involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Similarly, it is in charge of the cardiac (heart), respiratory and vomiting centers. Some may argue that the medulla is the most critical part of the brain. If humans didn't have a medulla they would not be able to live as the medulla regulates blood pressure and breathing. The medulla is also important because it assists in delivering neural (brain) messages to the brain all the way to the spinal cord.
The brain can't do all of this alone! Nerves have an important role in the nervous system. The main job of a nerve is to transfer sensory and motor information around the body. For example, if you touch a hot object, you will remove your hand from the object in a split second- so quickly that you don't even have time to think about it. This is all because of your nervous system. The first type of nerve is the sensory nerve. This nerve is the nerve that delivers observation made by your senses to the brain or spinal cord resulting in your muscles and organs to react. They are a whitish fiber in appearance. Another known nerve is the motor nerve. It is known for moving impulses to muscles and glands. Some actions that happen because of motor nerves include, contracting your bicep and raising the hairs on your arm. Another important part of the nervous system is the spinal cord. The spinal cord is the main pathway that connects the brain and the nervous system. Without your spinal cord, the parts of the body could not communicate with each other. The spinal cord is made up of 31 segments. And is protected by the vertebrae also known as the backbone.
Nerves also need the help of cells called neurons. Nerves differ from other cells because they deliver information throughout the entire body. There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the nervous system. The synapse intersection between neurons is called a synapse. Synapses are where the neurons pass through. One type of synapse is called dendrite. Dendrite is an extension of a neuron. It is also where impulses are received from other cells in the body and transmitted to those cells. Another type of a synapse is an axon, which is a longer extension of a neuron. Axons transmit electrical impulses and help make up the nerves. Axons also deliver information faster than any other neurons.
As you can see, the nervous system is very valuable and important. Every
Conclusion to the Human Body Research Paper:As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
Now you have read all about our human body and how it works 24/7 for us. I hope that you learned a lot and that you can apply some of this information to your everyday life.
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The skeletal system is responsible for giving us support, structure, and protection and works together with the muscular system to move our body. Our muscles pull our bones, which allows us to move, jump, and run! The muscular system actually plays an important role in delivering oxygen to our body’s cells. Without the heart, one of our most important muscles, blood wouldn’t be able to travel around our body! Luckily for us, the blood travels through our lungs, where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen that our cells are craving. Speaking of craving, did you ever know that the main purpose of our digestive system isn’t just to digest food? It’s job is actually to take nutrients and water out of what we eat and drink and then deliver it to the circulatory system where it gets delivered to the cells in our body. But none of these systems would work without the direction of our nervous system!
Now let’s get right into it with the skeletal system, where you’ll learn how our bones help us move and protect our organs.
As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
Skeletal System:
The skeleton system is a very vital and unique system. The skeletal systems main part is bone. Bone is very important to the skeleton system because it is what helps us stand up and move. Without our skeletal system, we would not be able to be the flabbergasting (fun/awesome) people we are today!
The bones in our body are made up of four distinct layers. Each of these layers has important responsibilities and are vital to our day-to-day life. The outer layer of bone is called compact bone. Compact bone is solid throughout and enables our body to be supported. Compact bone is so dense that surgeon’s need to use a saw to cut through it. The next layer of bone is called spongy bone and it is lightweight and porous, which prevents our bones from getting too heavy, but still be strong. It makes up about 20% of our skeleton, and it’s found mostly in long bones, joints, and in our spine. The center of many bones are filled with a gelatinous substance called bone marrow. Bone marrow is responsible for creating red blood cells and some of our white blood cells. Bone marrow also makes platelets for our circulatory system. In addition, bone marrow stores iron for when our body needs it. We have two different types of bone marrow: yellow and red. We are born with red marrow, but it slowly changes to yellow over time. Finally, the outermost part of bone is covered in periosteum, a thin, fibrous membrane that covers all bones. The membrane is responsible for helping to create new bone in children and does the same when adults sustain an injury. The periosteum is the site at which ligaments, tendons, and muscles attach to bone! It also contains the blood vessels that allow nutrients and oxygen to the get to the bones! Knowing the four layers of bones can help us to understand just how complex our human body really is! Cartilage is a small part covering the bone that provides support, flexibility, and elasticity to small but important parts of the human body. There are 3 specific types of cartilage named hyaline, elastic, and fibrous and they are all located in different parts of the body. Another important part of the human body is a ligament. This joint is a sheet or band of tough tissue connecting bones and cartilages or supporting muscles as well as organs. Double-jointed people terrifically have unusually flexible kinds of ligaments. Another important part of our joints is a gliding/sliding joint. This joint allows gliding throughout flat surfaces slide over one another. This joint is found in the wrist and ankle. There is also another joint that is located in the knee or elbow. This joint is called the hinge joint and, it only allows movement in one plane, the knee or elbow! This joint also surprisingly only allows movement rotating up and down. There are many different joints that amaze us and another very important joint is the pivot joint. This joint allows only rotary movement (many rotating movements.) The pivot joint is located directly under the skul, which allows for turning of the head from side to side. Also, Pivot joints also provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm. Lastly, the ball and socket joint is a very important joint. The ball and socket joint has the surface shaped as a ball. This joint allows multidirectional movement and rotation. Joints are a significant and important part of the human body. But, there are many other important factors and groups in the human body that make us who we are.
As you can see, the skeletal system has many important jobs to do! It allows us to stand straight up, move our body around, and protect our most important organs. However, the skeletal system can’t move our body by ourself. It needs the help of our muscular system as well!
Have you ever wondered how we move in a regular day full of action and fun? Well the muscular system is what is helping make us live a regular day. Our muscles control all of our movements and help us with basic things such as, to eat a sandwich or to pick up your heavy backpack. Without your muscular system, you would not be able to these basic things. Did you just smiling uses over 70 muscles? Everyone should be thankful for your muscular system because without it, you wouldn’t be you!
Muscular System: The main purpose of our body’s muscular system is movement. Your muscles are a very, very important part of your body. They do a lot of work throughout your body from pumping blood throughout your body and help to lift your heavy books. Our muscles are made up with three different tissues, smooth, skeletal, and cardiac. They each have their own unique functions and ways to operate. In our muscular system, We have voluntary muscles. Voluntary muscles are the muscles that you can control. For example, if you want to run, ride your bike, eat your favourite sandwich, or raise your hand, your voluntary muscles are the ones that are letting you do this. In addition, our muscular system adds on with our skeletal muscle. The skeletal muscle is voluntary because we can choose when we want to move it with our intelligent brains.
Like said before, the muscular system allows us to move. There are more than 600 muscles in the body. Their sizes vary from tiny, such as the muscles that move the eyeballs in the sockets, to very large, such as some of the muscles it the thighs. There are some muscles that we can control and some muscles that we cannot. Voluntary muscles are the ones that you can control. Most of them move your muscles around. If you want to run, walk, ride a bike, wave your arms around, or eat your favorite sandwich, it is your voluntary muscles which move your arms, legs and body around.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles because you can move them. This muscle attaches to the bones, move the skeleton, and are found in the arms, legs, neck, or anywhere that you can voluntarily move in your body. A muscle fiber that generates tension when is properly stimulated is the process called muscle contraction. A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone. Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae, all three are made up of collage. Tendons and muscles work together to move bones. Your biceps and triceps are the two muscle groups of your upper arm. The biceps cross both the shoulder and the elbow. The muscles are at the front of the upper arm, starting at the front of the shoulder and ending at the elbow. You can feel the biceps by flexing your arm. The triceps sit at the back of the arm. They start at the back, lower part of the shoulder and end at the elbow, where the ulna, one of the two bones forearm, begins.
Involuntary muscles are the muscles that are not under your conscious which means that your body does all the work without you "telling" it to. For example, when your heart beats, your heart is under involuntary muscles so your body was controlling the movement when you do not notice it. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart which means that they are involuntary. The body does all the work of the cardiac muscles without you controlling the movement that is being occurred. Smooth muscles are also involuntary muscles. All of the muscles being told are all relate in one way. Can you guess? Well they are all involuntary muscles!
The muscular system is perhaps a favorite. All of the muscles are unique and stand out in one way. Each muscle has an important role and the muscular systems muscles always do a splendid job! Have you ever flexed your muscles? Yes indeed those bad boys are part of the muscular system! Although this system does a pretty great job, it needs help from all of the other systems like the circulatory system.
Introduction: Have you ever wondered how our blood works? Our circulatory system is made up of many blood cells and our blood is one of the main factors in the circulatory system. Without our circulatory system we could not be able to be who we are. Our blood has many unique ways to it which makes the circulatory system important.
Circulatory System: There are many main parts of the circulatory system and one main part is blood. Blood has many different kinds and unique ways to it. Blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body. The blood helps keep certain values of the body in balance Blood also provides the cells with nutrients, transports hormones and removes waste products, which is the liver, the kidneys or the intestine. Blood has two particular known cells, the red and white blood cells. Red blood cells have an important role in your health by carrying fresh oxygen throughout your body. The oxygen in the blood is what gives the bright red color we know in our blood. Red blood cells are a round kind of a shape with a flat center, for example, like a doughnut without a hole. Your red blood cells are made inside your bones, inside the bone marrow. The red blood cells live for about 120 days and then they die. White blood cells are also an important part of your blood system, which is also made up of red
blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Although your white blood cells account for only about one percent of your blood, their impact is significant. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are essential for good health and protection against illness and disease. White blood cells are located inside your bone marrow. Because some white blood cells have a short lifespan of one to three days, your bone marrow is constantly producing them. There are also something called platelets that play an important role as well. Platelets are colorless blood cells that play an important role in blood clot. They stop blood loss by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel holes. The main function of platelets is to contribute to hemostasis which means to stop bleeding. As you can tell, platelets are important and we need them. Finally, blood plasma comes in. Blood plasma is the liquid component of the blood. Plasma itself is around 90% water, with the 10% remainder including proteins, minerals, waste products, clotting factors, hormones, and more. Without plasma, blood could not travel around the body as well. As plasma circulates through the body, it acts like a milkman making deliveries. The plasma drops off various substances to the cells of the body, and collects waste products for processing. Blood plasma flows constantly, and the components of plasma are constantly being renewed. As you can see, the blood in our body is important and we cannot live without them.
Blood vessels are intricate networks of hollow tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body. This is an essential function as blood delivers valuable nutrients to and removes wastes from our cells . Blood vessels are constructed of layers of connective tissue and muscle . The inner blood vessel layer is formed of endothelium . In capillaries and sinusoids, endothelium comprises the majority of the vessel. The arteries are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body. Each artery is a muscular tube
lined by smooth tissue and has three layers. The largest artery is the aorta, the main high-pressure pipeline connected to the heart's left ventricle.
The aorta branches into a
network of smaller arteries that extend throughout the body. In the circulatory system, veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart; exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins, both of which carry oxygenated blood. Veins serve to return blood from organs to the heart. In systemic circulation oxygenated blood is pumped by the left ventricle through the arteries to the muscles and organs of the body, where its nutrients and gases are exchanged at capillaries, entering the veins filled with cellular waste and carbon dioxide.Superficial veins are those whose course is close to the surface of the body, and have no corresponding arteries. Deep veins are deeper in the body and have corresponding arteries. The pulmonary veins are a set of veins that deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Systemic veins drain the tissues of the body and deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest tubes, capillaries are also called lymph capillaries.They connect arteries and veins together, they merge to form larger lymph vessels. There are three different kinds of capillaries: the Continuous capillaries, the
Fenestrated capillaries, and the Sinusoidal capillaries.Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist. There are
lots of muscles all over your body — in your arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind.
Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. Your heart is also believe it or not, a muscle. How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then its muscle contracts to squirt the blood along. When the heart contracts, it squeezes — try squeezing your hand into a fist.That's sort of like what your heart does so it can squirt out the blood.Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time. The heart is one hard worker! The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the body.
The circulatory system is obviously one of the most important systems of the human body. It controls every blood flow and other very precise and important movements. The circulatory has a big job and good for the circulatory system because it rarely does a poor job! We are very fortunate to have this system working clean and hard for most of the people in the world. God bless the systems! The job also gets done with a little help from the respiratory system.
Have you ever wondered how we breathe? Well without breathing, you could not be reading this. With our respiratory system, magic is happening. Our respiratory is the one helping us breathe in and out. Also, without our respiratory system, we could not do anything in an ordinary day because, we would not have oxygen. We should be thankful for all of our
systems because, they are the things that let us get up and get active!
Body Paragraph 1:
Did you know that air enters your body through your mouth or nose? When you breathe in, the air finds a way into your mouth or nose. Once it gets past your mouth or nose It travels down the trachea to the lungs, where the oxygen in it passes into the bloodstream. Air coming into your body may seem so easy. Do you ever just think, this is a piece of cake? Well air entering the body is a lot more complicated than you think it is. Tiny hairs in the nose trap unwanted particles while a sticky liquid called mucus catches many of the germs before they all can go too far into the respiratory system. The mucus also warms and moistens the air. There are many different parts such as the epiglottis which is the term used to describe inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis which lies just behind the root of your tongue. It is
usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. The voice box, or larynx, is the portion of the
respiratory (breathing) expanse containing the vocal cords which produce sound. It is located between the pharynx and the trachea. The larynx, also called the voice box, is a 2-inch-long, tube-shaped organ in the neck. The larynx is involved in swallowing,breathing, and voice production. Sound is produced when the air which passes through the vocal cords causes them to vibrate and create sound waves in the pharynx, nose and mouth. The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube about 4 inches long and less than an inch in diameter in most people. The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down behind the breastbone (sternum). The trachea then divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi: one bronchus for each lung.
Breathing starts at the nose and mouth. You inhale air
into your nose or mouth, and it travels down the back of your throat and
into your windpipe, or trachea. Your trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial tubes.For your lungs to perform their best, these airways need to be open during inhalation and exhalation and free from inflammation or swelling and excess or abnormal. As
the bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. Your body has over 300 million alveoli.The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the blood.
After absorbing oxygen, the blood leaves the lungs and is carried to your heart. Your heart then pumps it through your body to provide oxygen to the cells of your tissues and organs.
As the cells use the oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood. Your blood then carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it is removed from the body when you exhale.The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest (thorax). The trachea (windpipe) conducts inhaled air into the lungs through its tubular
branches, called bronchi. The bronchi then divide into smaller and smaller branches (bronchioles), finally becoming microscopic. The lung is the essential respiration organ in many air-breathing animals, including most tetrapods, a few fish and a few snails. In mammals and the more complex life forms, the two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart.When a person breathes, air taken in through the nose or mouth then goes into the trachea (windpipe). From there, it passes through the bronchial tubes, into the lungs, and finally back out again. The bronchial tubes, which branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles, are
sometimes referred to as bronchi or airways. People with asthma have bronchial tubes that are inflamed. This means that the airways swell and produce lots of thick mucus. The bronchial tubes are also overly sensitive, or hyperreactive, to certain things like exercise, dust, or
cigarette smoke. This causes the muscles around the bronchial tubes to tighten up. The combination of inflammation and muscle tightening narrows the airways and makes it difficult.A bronchus (the plural is bronchi) is an airway in your lungs. Your trachea divides into two main bronchi, the left and the right, which go into your lungs like branches. The main bronchi then branch into smaller and smaller.
Digestive System: The digestive system’s meaning is pretty much in its name. Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing and ends in the small intestine. Eventually, the food you are digesting goes into your stomach. Have you ever wondered what the digestive system is? The digestive system is pretty much a bunch of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. You never know but you just ate grilled-chicken pizza and a few orange wedges. Later you go on XBOX and you are playing video games. You dont know it but that grilled chicken Pizza and orange wedges are still laying there in your stomach. If you ask me, the digestive system is pretty rad!
The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Digestion is the breakdown of food into small molecules, which are then absorbed into the body. There are many main parts of the digestive system such as your mouth, teeth, saliva, your tongue, bolus, etc... The tongue in the Digestive system is also a big help. Also, your tongue helps you digest your food by moving the food around the mouth. The bolus is also included in the digestion system. The esophagus passes food from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus runs behind the trachea. The esophagus is a stretchy pipe thats about 10 in. to 25cm long. There is also the Peristalsis which is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The peristalsis’ main job is to push the food down the esophagus. The process of peristalsis begins in the esophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed. Also, when you throw up, the process is called reverse peristalsis. Have you ever wondered where your food gets stored after you digest it? It goes to the stomach. It is the main food storage tank of the body. If it were not for the stomach’s storage capacity, we would have to eat constantly instead of just a few times each day. Well what are the digestive juices? The digestive juices are the separations of the food breaking down in the stomach. Chyme is the the pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food. The small intestine is a long, highly challenged tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat. The villus (plural villi) is a finger- like protection in the small intestine that help absorb food more efficiently in the body. The villi Absorbs food & nutrients into the bloodstream. The pancreas is a long flattened organ located in the belly. Because the pancreas isn’t seen or felt in our day to day lives, most people don't know as much about the pancreas as they do about other parts of their bodies. The pancreas is, however, a vital part of the digestive system and a critical controller of blood sugar levels. Pancreatic enzymes help break down fats, proteins and carbohydrates. This fluid contains pancreatic enzymes to help with digestion.The pancreas does not do all the work it gets some help from the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small pouch that sits just under the liver. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver. After meals, the gall bladder is empty and flat, like a deflated balloon. Before a meal, the gallbladder may be full of bile and about the size of a small pear. I bet you have seen the liver on the menu in the restaurant and said, “ew!” and ordered something else. But did you know that there's one liver you don't have to order? It's always right inside your abdomen, up under your ribcage, and it is very important to your health. Your liver is the largest solid organ in your body. By the time you're grown up, it will be about the size of a football. The liver does many jobs, but here are three big ones: It cleans your blood, it produces an important digestive liquid called bile, and it stores energy in the form of a sugar called glycogen. Bile is a yellow-green fluid that is made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder and passes through the common bile duct into the duodenum where it helps digest fat. Your large intestine (also called by the name of colon) helps process waste food. The large intestine or colon absorbs water into the bloodstream while it's doing its work. The anus is the opening at the lower end of the digestive tract that controls the expulsion of feces\poop.
The digestive system is very important to our lives and even though we do not commonly notice it, everybody is super fortunate to have all of our systems! We have many different unique ways our digestive system works and all of the parts such as the long intestine and the small intestine that are both very unique! We can even think of the digestive system in a fun way of making examples into learning!
Introduction: Have you ever wondered where all of our information and body movements come from? Our nervous system is the one that receives information about what is happening in the body and around it. This “highway” is made up of billions of nerve cells, or neurons, which join together to make nerves be who they are. Our nervous system is particularly one of my favorites, (i think it is very fun to learn about) Our nervous system is very important and we need it for our everyday life.
In the nervous system, your brain is the one that assists you into making everyday decisions. For example, your brain decides where you're going to go, what you are going to eat, what you're going to say, and more. To top it all off, your brain is the boss you're entire body. Did you know that your brain looks like a big, wrinkly, gray sponge. The brain has five main parts that help you make these decisions. One of these five main parts is called the cerebrum, this is the biggest part of the brain taking up 85%. The cerebrums job is to control the voluntary muscles. (These muscles are the ones you choose to move.) Your cerebrum also has many other jobs like figuring out math problems, playing video games, drawing a picture, and your short term memory. Another part of the brain is the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located at the base of the brain. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain. The cerebellum is in charge of voluntary movements such as posture, balance, and coordination, not to mention being in charge of learning motor behaviors. Next up is the medulla also known as the brainstem. The brainstem is in charge of involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Similarly, it is in charge of the cardiac (heart), respiratory and vomiting centers. Some may argue that the medulla is the most critical part of the brain. If humans didn't have a medulla they would not be able to live as the medulla regulates blood pressure and breathing. The medulla is also important because it assists in delivering neural (brain) messages to the brain all the way to the spinal cord.
The brain can't do all of this alone! Nerves have an important role in the nervous system. The main job of a nerve is to transfer sensory and motor information around the body. For example, if you touch a hot object, you will remove your hand from the object in a split second- so quickly that you don't even have time to think about it. This is all because of your nervous system. The first type of nerve is the sensory nerve. This nerve is the nerve that delivers observation made by your senses to the brain or spinal cord resulting in your muscles and organs to react. They are a whitish fiber in appearance. Another known nerve is the motor nerve. It is known for moving impulses to muscles and glands. Some actions that happen because of motor nerves include, contracting your bicep and raising the hairs on your arm. Another important part of the nervous system is the spinal cord. The spinal cord is the main pathway that connects the brain and the nervous system. Without your spinal cord, the parts of the body could not communicate with each other. The spinal cord is made up of 31 segments. And is protected by the vertebrae also known as the backbone.
Nerves also need the help of cells called neurons. Nerves differ from other cells because they deliver information throughout the entire body. There are approximately 100 billion neurons in the nervous system. The synapse intersection between neurons is called a synapse. Synapses are where the neurons pass through. One type of synapse is called dendrite. Dendrite is an extension of a neuron. It is also where impulses are received from other cells in the body and transmitted to those cells. Another type of a synapse is an axon, which is a longer extension of a neuron. Axons transmit electrical impulses and help make up the nerves. Axons also deliver information faster than any other neurons.
As you can see, the nervous system is very valuable and important. Every
Conclusion to the Human Body Research Paper:As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
- The bones in our body support and protect, while our muscles pull but never push!
- In addition, our blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to our cells, while the alveoli in our lungs exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
- Finally, our digestive system is responsible for extracting important nutrients and water from what we eat and drink, but we’d never be able to do any of these things without our amazing nervous system!
Now you have read all about our human body and how it works 24/7 for us. I hope that you learned a lot and that you can apply some of this information to your everyday life.
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| 1. What writing skills did you improve while working on your Human Body Research Paper? Explain. 2. What are some concepts that you learned about the human body during this unit that you think are important (not just interesting)? 3. What was the most challenging part of writing your Human Body Research Paper? Why? 4. What aspect of the Human Body Research Paper are you most proud of? Why? | 1. Some writing words I improved when I was in the process of the Human Body Research Paper was my transition words. Those are very Valuable Because if you need to switch from one topic to another, transition words or paragraphs are the way to go! 2. I thought that it was really interesting how the tongue and not just the teeth help digest the food. I also had no idea about anything in the circulatory system. I was really fascinated to learn all about the different blood cells and how they deliver nutrients. I learned so much valuable information and I hope can teach people what I learned. Forget that, I WILL teach my family everything I learned. 3. The most challenging part of the human body research paper was finishing it! Just kidding! (that was honestly challenging) To be more specific, Understanding many different concepts and then getting them stuck in my head was challenging. Mostly the things I found interesting were the ones I remembered but others that I didnt get at first were to understand and put into my own words. 4. I am most proud of my nervous system because I feel like it was the most writing skilled one and I had so much experience from the other systems which made my last system, the nervous system the best system of all. I combined everything I learned writing wise and made it my own! |
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