1. What writing skills did you improve while working on your Human Body Research Paper? Explain. 2. What are some concepts that you learned about the human body during this unit that you think are important (not just interesting)? 3. What was the most challenging part of writing your Human Body Research Paper? Why? 4. What aspect of the Human Body Research Paper are you most proud of? Why? | 1. I improved in my summarization because every time we did a section I had to write allot and I had to summarize the whole system. 2. I leaned that without the brain we wouldn't be able to do anything like move or do the things we do every day. Like walk or talk or live. 3. 4. |
Human Body Research Paper
By: Hasanain K
March, 2015
Skeletal System:
The skeletal system has several important jobs to do in our body. It is responsible for creating blood cells, providing our body with support and structure, and enabling us to move. We have several bones that are responsible for protecting our organs like the ribs protect our heart and lungs, and the skull protects our brain! Bones cannot move unless joined together at joints. Ligaments connect our bones together and cartilage prevents them from rubbing together which would be painful! We are so lucky to have strong, powerful, yet moveable bones in our body!
The bones in our body are made up of four distinct layers. Each of these layers has important responsibilities and are vital to our day-to-day life. The outer layer of bone is called compact bone. Compact bone is solid throughout and enables our body to be supported. Compact bone is so dense that surgeon’s need to use a saw to cut through it. The next layer of bone is called spongy bone and it is lightweight and porous, which prevents our bones from getting too heavy, but still be strong. It makes up about 20% of our skeleton, and it’s found mostly in long bones, joints, and in our spine. The center of many bones are filled with a gelatinous substance called bone marrow. Bone marrow is responsible for creating red blood cells and some of our white blood cells. Bone marrow also makes platelets for our circulatory system. In addition, bone marrow stores iron for when our body needs it. We have two different types of bone marrow: yellow and red. We are born with red marrow, but it slowly changes to yellow over time. Finally, the outermost part of bone is covered in periosteum, a thin, fibrous membrane that covers all bones. The membrane is responsible for helping to create new bone in children and does the same when adults sustain an injury. The periosteum is the site at which ligaments, tendons, and muscles attach to bone! It also contains the blood vessels that allow nutrients and oxygen to the get to the bones! Knowing the four layers of bones can help us to understand just how complex our human body really is!
Our body has six joints and they are very important. The first join is the the cartilage. IN in the human body and animals bodies. It is a flexible connective tissue that cushions your bones so they don't scrape each other. Its is in lots of parts of our body. It also holds tubes in our body which helps.There is no blood vessels in cartilage. The next joint is ligament the connect bone to bone. Without touching so there is no injury. They let you bones stretch out a little further that you would be able to. It helps you to stay stable. There are no blood vessels in ligaments either. They connect our muscles together. Now were going to tell you about Gliding or Sliding joints. These joints are formed between bones and allow to glide past one another. They let bones go in directions up, down, left. diagonal, and right. Next is the hinge joint. The hinge joint only goes up and down like the hinge on a door. The hinge joint is in our ankle, elbow, and knee. The joint is also in an animals body. It is in areas where the is more flexibility needed. Next i’m going to talk about a pivot joint. The pivot joint rotates. This join is between the atlas and axis.It allows our heads to move from side to side. They allow your bones to twist. The last one i’m going to tell you about is Ball and Socket Joints. the ball and socket joint in the hipp lets you move in a 360 degree. The hip allows up to walk run and jump without the hip we wouldn't be able to get anywhere. This joints can move around in every direction. Shoulder and hip contain this joint. Knowing these 6 joints helps us to know how bad it would be without them and that we need them to do anything.
Conclusion:
As you can see the skeletal system has many important jobs to do it allows us to stand straight up, move our body, and protect our most important organs. however the skeletal system it can't move our body. It need’s the help of our muscular system as well.
Muscular System:
Muscular system:
Helps humans in movement and maintaining posture. The ability of muscles to contract supports in movement. There are about 700 muscles in the body attached to the skeletal system. Human body has skeletal, cardiac, and visceral/ smooth muscles. These could be further divided in voluntary and involuntary muscles. Any kind of movement like bending, walking, running, or jogging need muscle contraction. When muscles contract it uses food energy. Muscles also help in circulation of blood and digestion. Cardiac muscles provide force to pump blood in the body so that oxygen and nutrients are available for all tissues. If a person does not have good circulation and digestion, he/she will feel weak and sick and cannot do any sort of work. Therefore, it’s important to take care of our muscles by doing exercise.
Skeletal muscles are controlled by somatic nervous system. They are voluntary muscles which mean that humans can consciously contract these muscles. The majority of muscle tissue in the body is skeletal muscles. They are joined to bones by collagen fibers called tendons. These muscles are made of myocytes also called muscle fiber. They are made in the process known as myogenesis. When we say muscle it means that many muscle fibers are joined together by connective tissues. Tendons are a kind of connective tissue which joins muscles to the bones. They also attach muscle to body structures like eyeball. Tendons help to move the structure or the bone. Achilles tendon joins calf muscles to the bone in the heel. One more type of connective tissue is ligaments. It is fibrous connective tissues that joins bone to bone and keep the structure stable. One example is the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) ligament in the knee that could tear while playing sports and knee joint becomes unstable. The skeletal muscles are found in head and neck, chest and upper back, abdomen and lower back, arm and hand, and leg and foot in the human body. For example, bicep and triceps muscles are found in upper arm. Biceps are in front of upper arm, starts at shoulder and ends at the elbow. When we flex our arm we can feel bicep muscles. Triceps are at the back of the upper arm. They start from lower part of the shoulder at the back and ends at the elbow. These muscles help in doing many activities like writing, washing dishes, carrying and moving objects, and playing catch with a ball.
Cardiac muscles are striated muscle found in the heart called myocardium. It is the thick muscle tissue and lies in the middle layer of the heart. This muscle provides the main force for circulation of blood in the body. When cardiac muscle contracts it pumps blood throughout the body and when it relax it let blood come back to the heart after going through the body. The regular pumping of heart is important because it keeps the blood moving and makes nutrients available to every tissue of human body. The signals from brain (autonomic nervous system) and hormones control the rate of contraction; still these muscles have its own system by which they contract. The cardiac muscle tissue that signals other cardiac muscles to contract are called natural pacemaker of the heart. It releases electrical signals which spreads quickly to all cardiac cells so that heart could work as one unit. Because it works by itself the cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles and cannot be controlled consciously.
The third major type of muscles in the muscular system is the smooth muscles. They are sometimes also called visceral muscles. They are called smooth muscles because when we see it under microscope it looks very smooth and does not have striation. They are found in stomach, intestine, bladder and blood vessels. These muscles help organs to contract to move substance from the organ. These muscles are controlled by the unconscious part of the brain (autonomic nervous system). Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles because they cannot be controlled consciously. The smooth muscles in the stomach and digestive system contact and relax to move food forward while it gets absorbed. When all important nutrients are used and only waste is left they work to push waste out of the body as bowels. Bladder also has smooth muscle. When smooth muscles in bladder are relaxed we can hold urine and when they contract we pee.
Conclusion:
Muscular system is important for normal function of our body. It helps in movement, balance and posture. It also helps organs to their work. It’s important for us to learn how our muscles help us so we can take good care our muscles. Doing daily exercise of all skeletal muscles along with walking or other exercise is important to keep them strong when we grow old.
Circulatory System:
The Circulatory system is one of the most important systems in human body. Our human life is dependent on this system. As the name suggests the circulatory system circulates blood throughout our body. Through blood oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the body cells to carry out their normal function. The main parts of the circulatory system are heart, blood and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries are important because they carry blood away from the heart. The capillaries carry blood away from our body exchanging nutrients. The veins brings blood back to the heart. The main part of the circulatory system is that it delivers nutrients and oxygen to every cell in our body. Arteries get smaller and smaller until there is only enough space for one blood cell to go through it at a time. We are lucky to have this system in our body!
One of the most important fluids in human body is blood. It is thicker than water because it some other substances like red cells and white cells. It is also little sticky because it has platelets which sticks together to make blood clot. The blood is little warmer than the normal body temperature, its temperature is 38° C. The amount of blood a person has depends on their size and weight. A person who weighs 70 kg may have 5-6 liters of blood in the body. Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and take away carbon dioxide to the lungs. Blood helps to maintain body temperature by plasma which can absorb or give off heat. The White blood cells in the blood help fight infection. When the body is attack by virus or bacteria these cells rush to the part to destroy harmful substance to keep us healthy. Red blood cells in the blood transport oxygen and nutrients in the body. Oxygen gives bright red color to the blood. Platelets are also blood cell that stick together to make a clot and stop bleeding when we are injured. Plasma in the blood makes antibodies which helps body to fight with germs. Blood is needed for good health because the body depends on a good supply of nutrients and oxygen to reach its billions of cells through blood. Even the heart couldn't work without blood supply to its muscles.
The blood vessels are the important part of the circulatory system. They help in circulating blood. Blood is pumped through the network of arteries and veins. Arteries, veins, and capillaries are three types of blood vessels in our bodies. The arteries carry oxygen rich blood from the heart and takes to the body. The veins carry blood from the body to the heart which has carbon dioxide which is taken to lungs. Capillaries are thin fragile vessels that connect arteries and veins in the circulatory system. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the capillaries. When the heart beats, we can feel blood moving through the body by feeling the pulse points in the wrist and the neck.
The heart is the most important organ in the circulatory system. It is found in the center of chest and is the size of a fist. It is like a pump which works non-stop to provide oxygen and nutrients through pumping blood and remove waste products like carbon dioxide. It has four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. The right atria and ventricle receives blood from the body from veins which has carbon dioxide and pumps it to the lungs through pulmonary artery. The left atria and left ventricle receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein. Left ventricle pumps blood to the body through aorta which is the biggest artery in the body. There are valves in between chambers of heart and big vessels that prevent blood from going backwards.
Conclusion:
Our life depends on the circulatory system, if our heart stops beating we will die. If we eat unhealthy food, become fat, and become lazy to do exercise; we will get illness that will make our arteries and heart bad. It is important to take good care of ourselves from a young age.
Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is made of many organs that help you breathe. We normally breathe 12 to 20 times in a minute without even taking any notice. When we breathe we take oxygen into the body through this system and get rid of the carbon dioxide from the body. The human body needs good supply of oxygen to stay alive. If carbon dioxide stays in the body it could be dangerous for our life. The main parts of the respiratory system are nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm and lungs. Respiratory system is called ventilator of the body due to its special function.
The air goes in the body through an open mouth or the nose. The one way of breathing is when air enters through the nose. Inside the nose air gets warm and moist. Inside the tiny nose hairs (cilia) and mucus traps any impurities in the air before it goes in the lungs. From here air goes to the trachea (voice box). Larynx has a flap on the top called epiglottis. The epiglottitis protects food from entering the trachea. There are two small bands of muscles inside trachea called vocal cords. These cords vibrate to produce sound. If these cords do not work, a person will have problem speaking and also breathing and swallowing. This is also called vocal cord paralysis. The larynx joins into trachea by cricoid cartilage. Trachea is 4 inch long tube also called wind pipe. When we breathe trachea becomes wide and when we breathe out it goes back to normal size so that large amount of air can go in the lungs. The trachea divides into two branches right and left bronchus. Each lung has one bronchus. Each bronchus then divides into smaller parts called bronchi. As bronchi enters lung tissue it become smaller and is called bronchioles. The bronchioles ends in small collection of air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli actual gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place. The alveolar walls are very thin and are made from epithelial cells and pulmonary capillaries. The blood with carbon dioxide brought from right ventricle through pulmonary artery goes through pulmonary capillaries. Here carbon dioxide moves from blood to air and oxygen. Then enters the blood. The blood with oxygen goes to the left atrium through pulmonary vein. The left ventricle pumps it to the body.
The diaphragm is the last part that helps breathing. It is a dome- shaped muscle under the lungs that separates chest from the abdomen. When we breathe in, the diaphragm moves downwards and flatten so that the lungs have more space to expand. When we breathe out, diaphragm becomes wide giving less space to lungs which forces air out of the lungs.
Conclusion:
Oxygen is important for our life. If our human body does not get oxygen for 4 minutes the brain cells start to die. Once brain cells are dead, the body cannot perform its function normally. If body cells do not get oxygen they cannot work. The respiratory system is important for good health. We should take care of this system by avoiding habits like smoking that can harm this system, keeping healthy, eating good foods, drinking water, and exercising regularly.
Digestive System:
The diges tive system can do lots of things it can help us get nutrients. If we did not have our digestive system we wouldn't be able to get our nutrients and if that happens we would not be able to run because our muscles need nutrients to do all the things that involve muscles. There are two different kinds of digestions they are chemical digestion and mechanical digestion. They help in many different ways.
The mouth is responsible for lots of things. It lets air into our mouth but that is not a part of the digestive system. The mouth has teeth which help us break down the food. It has saliva I which helps us get the food into a soft moisture.Teeth provide are mechanical digestion because you control them it goes up and down until your food is small and broken down.Your saliva does chemical digestion. It also helps protect your teeth and your teeth help you break down the food you eat. Your saliva is 98% water but it also has three very important things in it called electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes. It helps your food turn into a food bolios so it your food be swallowed easily. Your tongue also helps create a bolios.The tongue is a really sensitive organ in our mouth. Our tongue can remove left over of our food stuck in our teeth. Our tongue has things on them called taste buds. The taste buds help you find out how your food taste like. You tounge feels smooth. When you are young have about 300 taste buds and when you get older you have less than 100. There are four tastes your tongue can taste they are salty, sweet, sour, and bitter. Then your food is turned into a bolus.The bolus is food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva. The saliva hydrates the food for taste. The bolus is easy to swallow. The word bolus is a italian word meaning ball. The bolus has the same color as the food. The bolus is a ball like shape. Then the bolus goes to esophagus.Peristalsis is a muscle that helps your food bolus get down from your esophagus to your stomach. They are located outside of your esophagus. They move in a wave like pattern. They are smooth muscles. Without our peristalsis we wouldn't be able to get the nutrients we need on a daily basis.The stomach help with chemical digestion. Once your food bolus reces your stomach your it starts to churn your food. It releases enzymes to sanitize the food it is really strong and can burn your stomach open but we have mucus covering our stomach so it doesn't burn open.The digestive juices have lot’s of enzymes in them. The enzymes in the juices break down the carbohydrates, fats,and proteins in food. The pancreas produces those juices. With our the digestive juices we won't be able to get all the nutrients that your muscles need to work. Then the carbohydrates, fats, and nutrients are sent down to the small intestine.The chyme is a fluid. It is partially digested food. It is found in the stomach. It breaks down the polus with chemical and mechanical digestion.The small intestine gets the broken down bolus from the stomach. The small intestine tries to get the nutrients and if it it does it sends it to the capillaries to the muscles in your body. If your small intestine does not like your food it shoots the food to the large intestine and the large intestine shoots it out your body. It comes out through the rectem as diarrhea.The villi is located outside of the small intestine. The villi helps sore some of the the storage capacity for the nutrients without the villi we wouldn't be able to get all the nutrients.
Your digestive can do lots of things and it helps us out every day to stay awake, etc. You wouldn't be able to run for a long period of time without your digestive system. Your muscles need nutrients when you use your muscles. Your digestive system helps get nutrients. Without our digestive system we wouldn't be able to live.
Nervous System:
Conclusion to the Human Body Research Paper:
Bibliography:
The human body has six main systems and is a complex machine that is constantly working to keep us alive. Although each system has its own unique jobs to do, they synergize to keep us healthy and active.
The skeletal system is responsible for giving us support, structure, and protection and works together with the muscular system to move our body. Our muscles pull our bones, which allows us to move, jump, and run! The muscular system actually plays an important role in delivering oxygen to our body’s cells. Without the heart, one of our most important muscles, blood wouldn’t be able to travel around our body! Luckily for us, the blood travels through our lungs, where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen that our cells are craving. Speaking of craving, did you ever know that the main purpose of our digestive system isn’t just to digest food? It’s job is actually to take nutrients and water out of what we eat and drink and then deliver it to the circulatory system where it gets delivered to the cells in our body. But none of these systems would work without the direction of our nervous system!
Now let’s get right into it with the skeletal system, where you’ll learn how our bones help us move and protect our organs.
As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
Now you have read all about our human body and how it works 24/7 for us. I hope that you learned a lot and that you can apply some of this information to your everyday life.
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By: Hasanain K
March, 2015
Skeletal System:
The skeletal system has several important jobs to do in our body. It is responsible for creating blood cells, providing our body with support and structure, and enabling us to move. We have several bones that are responsible for protecting our organs like the ribs protect our heart and lungs, and the skull protects our brain! Bones cannot move unless joined together at joints. Ligaments connect our bones together and cartilage prevents them from rubbing together which would be painful! We are so lucky to have strong, powerful, yet moveable bones in our body!
The bones in our body are made up of four distinct layers. Each of these layers has important responsibilities and are vital to our day-to-day life. The outer layer of bone is called compact bone. Compact bone is solid throughout and enables our body to be supported. Compact bone is so dense that surgeon’s need to use a saw to cut through it. The next layer of bone is called spongy bone and it is lightweight and porous, which prevents our bones from getting too heavy, but still be strong. It makes up about 20% of our skeleton, and it’s found mostly in long bones, joints, and in our spine. The center of many bones are filled with a gelatinous substance called bone marrow. Bone marrow is responsible for creating red blood cells and some of our white blood cells. Bone marrow also makes platelets for our circulatory system. In addition, bone marrow stores iron for when our body needs it. We have two different types of bone marrow: yellow and red. We are born with red marrow, but it slowly changes to yellow over time. Finally, the outermost part of bone is covered in periosteum, a thin, fibrous membrane that covers all bones. The membrane is responsible for helping to create new bone in children and does the same when adults sustain an injury. The periosteum is the site at which ligaments, tendons, and muscles attach to bone! It also contains the blood vessels that allow nutrients and oxygen to the get to the bones! Knowing the four layers of bones can help us to understand just how complex our human body really is!
Our body has six joints and they are very important. The first join is the the cartilage. IN in the human body and animals bodies. It is a flexible connective tissue that cushions your bones so they don't scrape each other. Its is in lots of parts of our body. It also holds tubes in our body which helps.There is no blood vessels in cartilage. The next joint is ligament the connect bone to bone. Without touching so there is no injury. They let you bones stretch out a little further that you would be able to. It helps you to stay stable. There are no blood vessels in ligaments either. They connect our muscles together. Now were going to tell you about Gliding or Sliding joints. These joints are formed between bones and allow to glide past one another. They let bones go in directions up, down, left. diagonal, and right. Next is the hinge joint. The hinge joint only goes up and down like the hinge on a door. The hinge joint is in our ankle, elbow, and knee. The joint is also in an animals body. It is in areas where the is more flexibility needed. Next i’m going to talk about a pivot joint. The pivot joint rotates. This join is between the atlas and axis.It allows our heads to move from side to side. They allow your bones to twist. The last one i’m going to tell you about is Ball and Socket Joints. the ball and socket joint in the hipp lets you move in a 360 degree. The hip allows up to walk run and jump without the hip we wouldn't be able to get anywhere. This joints can move around in every direction. Shoulder and hip contain this joint. Knowing these 6 joints helps us to know how bad it would be without them and that we need them to do anything.
Conclusion:
As you can see the skeletal system has many important jobs to do it allows us to stand straight up, move our body, and protect our most important organs. however the skeletal system it can't move our body. It need’s the help of our muscular system as well.
Muscular System:
Muscular system:
Helps humans in movement and maintaining posture. The ability of muscles to contract supports in movement. There are about 700 muscles in the body attached to the skeletal system. Human body has skeletal, cardiac, and visceral/ smooth muscles. These could be further divided in voluntary and involuntary muscles. Any kind of movement like bending, walking, running, or jogging need muscle contraction. When muscles contract it uses food energy. Muscles also help in circulation of blood and digestion. Cardiac muscles provide force to pump blood in the body so that oxygen and nutrients are available for all tissues. If a person does not have good circulation and digestion, he/she will feel weak and sick and cannot do any sort of work. Therefore, it’s important to take care of our muscles by doing exercise.
Skeletal muscles are controlled by somatic nervous system. They are voluntary muscles which mean that humans can consciously contract these muscles. The majority of muscle tissue in the body is skeletal muscles. They are joined to bones by collagen fibers called tendons. These muscles are made of myocytes also called muscle fiber. They are made in the process known as myogenesis. When we say muscle it means that many muscle fibers are joined together by connective tissues. Tendons are a kind of connective tissue which joins muscles to the bones. They also attach muscle to body structures like eyeball. Tendons help to move the structure or the bone. Achilles tendon joins calf muscles to the bone in the heel. One more type of connective tissue is ligaments. It is fibrous connective tissues that joins bone to bone and keep the structure stable. One example is the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) ligament in the knee that could tear while playing sports and knee joint becomes unstable. The skeletal muscles are found in head and neck, chest and upper back, abdomen and lower back, arm and hand, and leg and foot in the human body. For example, bicep and triceps muscles are found in upper arm. Biceps are in front of upper arm, starts at shoulder and ends at the elbow. When we flex our arm we can feel bicep muscles. Triceps are at the back of the upper arm. They start from lower part of the shoulder at the back and ends at the elbow. These muscles help in doing many activities like writing, washing dishes, carrying and moving objects, and playing catch with a ball.
Cardiac muscles are striated muscle found in the heart called myocardium. It is the thick muscle tissue and lies in the middle layer of the heart. This muscle provides the main force for circulation of blood in the body. When cardiac muscle contracts it pumps blood throughout the body and when it relax it let blood come back to the heart after going through the body. The regular pumping of heart is important because it keeps the blood moving and makes nutrients available to every tissue of human body. The signals from brain (autonomic nervous system) and hormones control the rate of contraction; still these muscles have its own system by which they contract. The cardiac muscle tissue that signals other cardiac muscles to contract are called natural pacemaker of the heart. It releases electrical signals which spreads quickly to all cardiac cells so that heart could work as one unit. Because it works by itself the cardiac muscles are involuntary muscles and cannot be controlled consciously.
The third major type of muscles in the muscular system is the smooth muscles. They are sometimes also called visceral muscles. They are called smooth muscles because when we see it under microscope it looks very smooth and does not have striation. They are found in stomach, intestine, bladder and blood vessels. These muscles help organs to contract to move substance from the organ. These muscles are controlled by the unconscious part of the brain (autonomic nervous system). Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles because they cannot be controlled consciously. The smooth muscles in the stomach and digestive system contact and relax to move food forward while it gets absorbed. When all important nutrients are used and only waste is left they work to push waste out of the body as bowels. Bladder also has smooth muscle. When smooth muscles in bladder are relaxed we can hold urine and when they contract we pee.
Conclusion:
Muscular system is important for normal function of our body. It helps in movement, balance and posture. It also helps organs to their work. It’s important for us to learn how our muscles help us so we can take good care our muscles. Doing daily exercise of all skeletal muscles along with walking or other exercise is important to keep them strong when we grow old.
Circulatory System:
The Circulatory system is one of the most important systems in human body. Our human life is dependent on this system. As the name suggests the circulatory system circulates blood throughout our body. Through blood oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the body cells to carry out their normal function. The main parts of the circulatory system are heart, blood and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries are important because they carry blood away from the heart. The capillaries carry blood away from our body exchanging nutrients. The veins brings blood back to the heart. The main part of the circulatory system is that it delivers nutrients and oxygen to every cell in our body. Arteries get smaller and smaller until there is only enough space for one blood cell to go through it at a time. We are lucky to have this system in our body!
One of the most important fluids in human body is blood. It is thicker than water because it some other substances like red cells and white cells. It is also little sticky because it has platelets which sticks together to make blood clot. The blood is little warmer than the normal body temperature, its temperature is 38° C. The amount of blood a person has depends on their size and weight. A person who weighs 70 kg may have 5-6 liters of blood in the body. Blood transports oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and take away carbon dioxide to the lungs. Blood helps to maintain body temperature by plasma which can absorb or give off heat. The White blood cells in the blood help fight infection. When the body is attack by virus or bacteria these cells rush to the part to destroy harmful substance to keep us healthy. Red blood cells in the blood transport oxygen and nutrients in the body. Oxygen gives bright red color to the blood. Platelets are also blood cell that stick together to make a clot and stop bleeding when we are injured. Plasma in the blood makes antibodies which helps body to fight with germs. Blood is needed for good health because the body depends on a good supply of nutrients and oxygen to reach its billions of cells through blood. Even the heart couldn't work without blood supply to its muscles.
The blood vessels are the important part of the circulatory system. They help in circulating blood. Blood is pumped through the network of arteries and veins. Arteries, veins, and capillaries are three types of blood vessels in our bodies. The arteries carry oxygen rich blood from the heart and takes to the body. The veins carry blood from the body to the heart which has carbon dioxide which is taken to lungs. Capillaries are thin fragile vessels that connect arteries and veins in the circulatory system. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place in the capillaries. When the heart beats, we can feel blood moving through the body by feeling the pulse points in the wrist and the neck.
The heart is the most important organ in the circulatory system. It is found in the center of chest and is the size of a fist. It is like a pump which works non-stop to provide oxygen and nutrients through pumping blood and remove waste products like carbon dioxide. It has four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. The right atria and ventricle receives blood from the body from veins which has carbon dioxide and pumps it to the lungs through pulmonary artery. The left atria and left ventricle receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein. Left ventricle pumps blood to the body through aorta which is the biggest artery in the body. There are valves in between chambers of heart and big vessels that prevent blood from going backwards.
Conclusion:
Our life depends on the circulatory system, if our heart stops beating we will die. If we eat unhealthy food, become fat, and become lazy to do exercise; we will get illness that will make our arteries and heart bad. It is important to take good care of ourselves from a young age.
Respiratory System:
The respiratory system is made of many organs that help you breathe. We normally breathe 12 to 20 times in a minute without even taking any notice. When we breathe we take oxygen into the body through this system and get rid of the carbon dioxide from the body. The human body needs good supply of oxygen to stay alive. If carbon dioxide stays in the body it could be dangerous for our life. The main parts of the respiratory system are nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm and lungs. Respiratory system is called ventilator of the body due to its special function.
The air goes in the body through an open mouth or the nose. The one way of breathing is when air enters through the nose. Inside the nose air gets warm and moist. Inside the tiny nose hairs (cilia) and mucus traps any impurities in the air before it goes in the lungs. From here air goes to the trachea (voice box). Larynx has a flap on the top called epiglottis. The epiglottitis protects food from entering the trachea. There are two small bands of muscles inside trachea called vocal cords. These cords vibrate to produce sound. If these cords do not work, a person will have problem speaking and also breathing and swallowing. This is also called vocal cord paralysis. The larynx joins into trachea by cricoid cartilage. Trachea is 4 inch long tube also called wind pipe. When we breathe trachea becomes wide and when we breathe out it goes back to normal size so that large amount of air can go in the lungs. The trachea divides into two branches right and left bronchus. Each lung has one bronchus. Each bronchus then divides into smaller parts called bronchi. As bronchi enters lung tissue it become smaller and is called bronchioles. The bronchioles ends in small collection of air sacs called alveoli. In the alveoli actual gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place. The alveolar walls are very thin and are made from epithelial cells and pulmonary capillaries. The blood with carbon dioxide brought from right ventricle through pulmonary artery goes through pulmonary capillaries. Here carbon dioxide moves from blood to air and oxygen. Then enters the blood. The blood with oxygen goes to the left atrium through pulmonary vein. The left ventricle pumps it to the body.
The diaphragm is the last part that helps breathing. It is a dome- shaped muscle under the lungs that separates chest from the abdomen. When we breathe in, the diaphragm moves downwards and flatten so that the lungs have more space to expand. When we breathe out, diaphragm becomes wide giving less space to lungs which forces air out of the lungs.
Conclusion:
Oxygen is important for our life. If our human body does not get oxygen for 4 minutes the brain cells start to die. Once brain cells are dead, the body cannot perform its function normally. If body cells do not get oxygen they cannot work. The respiratory system is important for good health. We should take care of this system by avoiding habits like smoking that can harm this system, keeping healthy, eating good foods, drinking water, and exercising regularly.
Digestive System:
The diges tive system can do lots of things it can help us get nutrients. If we did not have our digestive system we wouldn't be able to get our nutrients and if that happens we would not be able to run because our muscles need nutrients to do all the things that involve muscles. There are two different kinds of digestions they are chemical digestion and mechanical digestion. They help in many different ways.
The mouth is responsible for lots of things. It lets air into our mouth but that is not a part of the digestive system. The mouth has teeth which help us break down the food. It has saliva I which helps us get the food into a soft moisture.Teeth provide are mechanical digestion because you control them it goes up and down until your food is small and broken down.Your saliva does chemical digestion. It also helps protect your teeth and your teeth help you break down the food you eat. Your saliva is 98% water but it also has three very important things in it called electrolytes, mucus, and enzymes. It helps your food turn into a food bolios so it your food be swallowed easily. Your tongue also helps create a bolios.The tongue is a really sensitive organ in our mouth. Our tongue can remove left over of our food stuck in our teeth. Our tongue has things on them called taste buds. The taste buds help you find out how your food taste like. You tounge feels smooth. When you are young have about 300 taste buds and when you get older you have less than 100. There are four tastes your tongue can taste they are salty, sweet, sour, and bitter. Then your food is turned into a bolus.The bolus is food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva. The saliva hydrates the food for taste. The bolus is easy to swallow. The word bolus is a italian word meaning ball. The bolus has the same color as the food. The bolus is a ball like shape. Then the bolus goes to esophagus.Peristalsis is a muscle that helps your food bolus get down from your esophagus to your stomach. They are located outside of your esophagus. They move in a wave like pattern. They are smooth muscles. Without our peristalsis we wouldn't be able to get the nutrients we need on a daily basis.The stomach help with chemical digestion. Once your food bolus reces your stomach your it starts to churn your food. It releases enzymes to sanitize the food it is really strong and can burn your stomach open but we have mucus covering our stomach so it doesn't burn open.The digestive juices have lot’s of enzymes in them. The enzymes in the juices break down the carbohydrates, fats,and proteins in food. The pancreas produces those juices. With our the digestive juices we won't be able to get all the nutrients that your muscles need to work. Then the carbohydrates, fats, and nutrients are sent down to the small intestine.The chyme is a fluid. It is partially digested food. It is found in the stomach. It breaks down the polus with chemical and mechanical digestion.The small intestine gets the broken down bolus from the stomach. The small intestine tries to get the nutrients and if it it does it sends it to the capillaries to the muscles in your body. If your small intestine does not like your food it shoots the food to the large intestine and the large intestine shoots it out your body. It comes out through the rectem as diarrhea.The villi is located outside of the small intestine. The villi helps sore some of the the storage capacity for the nutrients without the villi we wouldn't be able to get all the nutrients.
Your digestive can do lots of things and it helps us out every day to stay awake, etc. You wouldn't be able to run for a long period of time without your digestive system. Your muscles need nutrients when you use your muscles. Your digestive system helps get nutrients. Without our digestive system we wouldn't be able to live.
Nervous System:
Conclusion to the Human Body Research Paper:
Bibliography:
The human body has six main systems and is a complex machine that is constantly working to keep us alive. Although each system has its own unique jobs to do, they synergize to keep us healthy and active.
The skeletal system is responsible for giving us support, structure, and protection and works together with the muscular system to move our body. Our muscles pull our bones, which allows us to move, jump, and run! The muscular system actually plays an important role in delivering oxygen to our body’s cells. Without the heart, one of our most important muscles, blood wouldn’t be able to travel around our body! Luckily for us, the blood travels through our lungs, where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen that our cells are craving. Speaking of craving, did you ever know that the main purpose of our digestive system isn’t just to digest food? It’s job is actually to take nutrients and water out of what we eat and drink and then deliver it to the circulatory system where it gets delivered to the cells in our body. But none of these systems would work without the direction of our nervous system!
Now let’s get right into it with the skeletal system, where you’ll learn how our bones help us move and protect our organs.
As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
- The bones in our body support and protect, while our muscles pull but never push!
- In addition, our blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to our cells, while the alveoli in our lungs exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
- Finally, our digestive system is responsible for extracting important nutrients and water from what we eat and drink, but we’d never be able to do any of these things without our amazing nervous system!
Now you have read all about our human body and how it works 24/7 for us. I hope that you learned a lot and that you can apply some of this information to your everyday life.
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