1. What writing skills did you improve while working on your Human Body Research Paper? Explain. 2. What are some concepts that you learned about the human body during this unit that you think are important (not just interesting)? 3. What was the most challenging part of writing your Human Body Research Paper? Why? 4. What aspect of the Human Body Research Paper are you most proud of? Why? | 1. I think I improved on how to words things better because we had to grab things from a website and reword it into our own words. 2. I've learned about all the different systems and what they do. I don't thing any one of these are more important than the other. You need all of them to keep your body healthy and active. 3. I think it was not trying to copy things from a website because you already had what you wanted so it was hard to reword them. 4. I think I'm proud of my nervous system introduction paragraph because I think it pulls the reader in and makes them want to learn more. |
The human body has six main systems and is a complex machine that is constantly working to keep us alive. Although each system has its own unique jobs to do, they synergize to keep us healthy and active.
The skeletal system is responsible for giving us support, structure, and protection and works together with the muscular system to move our body. Our muscles pull our bones, which allows us to move, jump, and run! The muscular system actually plays an important role in delivering oxygen to our body’s cells. Without the heart, one of our most important muscles, blood wouldn’t be able to travel around our body! Luckily for us, the blood travels through our lungs, where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen that our cells are craving. Speaking of craving, did you ever know that the main purpose of our digestive system isn’t just to digest food? It’s job is actually to take nutrients and water out of what we eat and drink and then deliver it to the circulatory system where it gets delivered to the cells in our body. But none of these systems would work without the direction of our nervous system!
Now let’s get right into it with the skeletal system, where you’ll learn how our bones help us move and protect our organs.
The skeletal system has several important jobs to do in our body. It is responsible for creating blood cells, providing our body with support and structure, and enabling us to move. We have several bones that are responsible for protecting our organs like the ribs protect our heart and lungs, and the skull protects our brain! Bones cannot move unless joined together at joints. Ligaments connect our bones together and cartilage prevents them from rubbing together which would be painful! We are so lucky to have strong, powerful, yet moveable bones in our body!
The bones in our body are made up of four distinct layers. Each of these layers has important responsibilities and are vital to our day-to-day life. The outer layer of bone is called compact bone. Compact bone is solid throughout and enables our body to be supported. Compact bone is so dense that surgeon’s need to use a saw to cut through it. The next layer of bone is called spongy bone and it is lightweight and porous, which prevents our bones from getting too heavy, but still be strong. It makes up about 20% of our skeleton, and it’s found mostly in long bones, joints, and in our spine. The center of many bones are filled with a gelatinous substance called bone marrow. Bone marrow is responsible for creating red blood cells and some of our white blood cells. Bone marrow also makes platelets for our circulatory system. In addition, bone marrow stores iron for when our body needs it. We have two different types of bone marrow: yellow and red. We are born with red marrow, but it slowly changes to yellow over time. Finally, the outermost part of bone is covered in periosteum, a thin, fibrous membrane that covers all bones. The membrane is responsible for helping to create new bone in children and does the same when adults sustain an injury. The periosteum is the site at which ligaments, tendons, and muscles attach to bone! It also contains the blood vessels that allow nutrients and oxygen to the get to the bones! Knowing the four layers of bones can help us to understand just how complex our human body really is!
Have you ever wondered what the joints in your body do? What types of joints are there? The first joint is cartilage. This joint is a type of connective tissue in the body. There are a couple of different kinds of cartilage. The first is Hyaline cartilage which makes up the majority of cartilage found in the body. The second kind is Elastic cartilage which is more flexible because of the fibers it has. The next joint is called a ligament. A ligament is a stretchy band that connects one bone to another. This joint is a key part in what allows us to move. They help us to control our range of motion, and stabilize them so that our bones can move in proper alignment. Another joint is a gliding joint. These joints allow our bones to glide past one another in any direction. We can go up, down, left, right, and diagonally. These joints can also have slight rotations but is limited by the shape of the bone. The next joint only gives a forward and backward motion. This joint is called a hinge joint. This joint does not allow any other movement besides forward and backward motion. You might also know this joint as the ginglymus. Our hinge joint represents a door hinge. And just like a hinge it needs to get properly lubricated. Our next joint is called a pivot joint. A pivot joint is a circular bone that rotates upon the axis of another bone. In our whole body there are only three pivot joints. They are located at the base of our neck and in both elbows. Finally our last joint is the ball and socket joints. The ball and socket joints have the most freedom out of all the joints do it’s unique structure. The shoulder and hip joints are the only ball-and-socket joints in the human body due to the need for great motion. These are all of the joints in our body. Hope you enjoyed!
As you can see, the skeletal system many important jobs to do. It allows us to stand straight up, move our body around, and protects our most important organs. However the skeletal system can’t move our body by itself. It needs the help of our muscular system as well.
In our muscular we have two main groups. One group does it’s work on it’s own. Like for example are heart works without command. Our other group needs commands to operate. These muscles will not do what they need to unless the brain tells them to. Now your going to learn about those two muscle groups.
In the muscular system we have our voluntary muscles. Or voluntary muscles are the muscles that we can control. If we want to walk, run, or jump it’s are voluntary muscles that do it. The first voluntary muscle we have is the skeletal muscle which is a muscle striated tissue that attaches to bone. Our skeletal muscle looks like it is composed of fibers, therefore it looks like a mixture of dark and light rubber bands. The skeletal muscle is also responsible for contracting and relaxing when a person’s body moves. Whenever you create tension and then release the tension the muscle has to relax. When these muscles relax they require less oxygen. By contracting all it is saying is muscle fibers generating tension. A tendon is also a voluntary muscle. Our tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone. Our normal healthy tendons are composed of mostly parallel arrays of collagen fibers that are packed closely together. Now for the last two muscles triceps and biceps. Our biceps are a two headed muscle that lies on our upper arm between the shoulder and elbow. The triceps sit at the back of the arm. It starts at the back of the shoulder and end of the elbow. Now let’s go learn about our involuntary muscles. That’s all about are voluntary muscles! Now you know everything about them!!
Our opposite muscles from the voluntary muscles are the involuntary muscles. Our involuntary muscles do not need the brain to send our muscle signals they know what to do without a commande. They know there job and keep on doing it. The first voluntary muscle is the Cardiac Muscles. This muscle is our heart. So this means the cardiac muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Found around the cardiac muscle is involuntary striated muscle. This is found on the walls and histological foundation of the heart. We also have our smooth muscle. The smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the Stomach, Oesophagus, Bronchi and in the walls of blood vessels. Smooth muscles also control its movements just like an involuntary muscle is suppose to do. Smooth muscle can also be found in the digestive system. Our digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert all are food into energy to provide basic nutrients to our body. Our food passes through a long tube inside the body called the alimentary canal. Now that you have learned what are involuntary muscles are, that’s all to know!! So now you have learned everything about what involuntary muscles are!!
As you can see, our muscular system is very important. It is in charge for pumping blood to our body and providing nutrients and energy. It allows us to move around. Our muscles are very important part in our body that keep us going through the day.
Now we are going to learn about our circulatory system. We are going to learn about four groups. How are blood works and what's in our blood. What are blood vessels are and the four chambers of our heart. Also why the circulatory system is important.
In are circulatory system we have our blood. Blood is a combination of plasma and cells that float in it. Our blood is essential for good health because the body depends on a steady supply of fuel and oxygen. One of the cells that we have are the white blood cells. They defend the body against infections. They will even fight cells such as cancer cells. Another cell is the red blood cells. Red blood cells are shaped like slightly indented, flattened disks. They contain hemoglobin which is a type of protein that has iron in it. It transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and cells. We also have our Platelets which are involved in blood clotting. When we bleed our platelets clump together to make a clot. Last we have plasma which looks a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood. This is our largest component of human blood, comprising about 55 percent, and contains water, salts, enzymes, antibodies and other proteins.
The blood vessels in our body transports blood through the human body. We have three major blood vessels which are the arteries, capillaries, and veins. Our arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from our heart. While most of our arteries carry oxygenated blood, there are two exceptions to this, the pulmonary and the umbilical. Then we have our veins which carry blood to the heart. Our veins are less muscular than are arteries but are found closer to our skin. Then we have are capillaries which serve to distribute oxygenated blood from arteries to the tissues of our body. They also feed deoxygenated blood from the tissues back into our veins. These are the smallest blood vessels.
Our heart sends blood around our body. It provides our body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. We have four chambers of our heart. Two atria and two ventricles. The four chambers provide a multiple pathway for blood to be sent to our lungs for respiration and then dispensed to our body's cells to keep us alive. We have are left atrium which receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins. The left atrium get it’s blood supply from the left circumflex coronary artery. Then we have are left ventricle which is located on the bottom left corner of the heart. Our left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues all over are body. We also have our right atrium which receives deoxygenated blood from are three major veins. They are the superior, inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. And last we have are right ventricle which is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood through the lungs. As deoxygenated blood travels through the right atrium it passes the tricuspid valve and into our right ventricle.
As you can see are circulatory system is very important. We have ojh blood which helps provides us fuel and oxygen. Then we have are blood vessels which transport all of our blood through our body. And last but not least our heart and it’s chambers. This helps provide us nutrients and oxygen. As you can see are circulatory helps us live regular and healthy lives!
Our respiratory system is very important. The 3 major parts of our respiratory system are the airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration. This helps air enter our body and then into our lungs. Our lungs help us breath and our nose and mouth take air into our body.
Air enters our body by the nose or mouth when we inhale. Then it will travel down the back of our throat to are windpipe. The mouth and nose are both where air enter into our body. The air travels down the trachea to the lungs, where the oxygen passes
into the bloodstream. Then we have are nasal passage which has tiny hairs in the nose that trap unwanted particles. Then our mucus will catch germs before they go too far in our respiratory system. Next we have our epiglottis which is a little flap in our throat that blocks the windpipe when food or liquid is being swallowed. Our epiglottis is made out of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane that is attached to the entrance of our larynx which is our vocal cords. The larynx is responsible for making noise and helping us swallow and breathe. In are larynx are vocal cords are made of twin infoldings of mucous membrane that are stretched horizontally across the larynx. Our vocal vibrate every time we produce sound. Then are voice box which is in our larynx is an organ in the neck of mammals thats two inches long. Our voice box helps protection of the trachea and sound production. Our trachea is a wide hollow tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an internal part of our body’s airway and provides airflow to and from the lungs.
Air moves in our lungs when we inhale and the air comes in from our mouth or nose and it travels down the back of our throat and then into your trachea. Then our trachea divides into air passages called bronchial tubes. Our lungs are like balloon type structure in our chest that bring oxygen in your body. The lungs are spongy organs optimized for gas exchange between our blood and air. Our bronchial tube helps air get to our lungs. The bronchial tubes let air in and out of our lungs so we can breath. Then we have our bronchi which are also bronchus. Our trachea divides into two tubes called the bronchi that carry air to air lungs. Bronchioles are brouncus just divided into smaller tubes. The bronchioles are a branch of tiny tubes within our lungs. Then we have are avelio were the bronchioles end up. There sacs blow up like little balloons when you breathe in. Then theres the exchange between gases. Gas exchange is a biological transfer between gases. Gas exchange is a primary function of the respiratory system.
As you have seen the respiratory system is very important. You learned how air gets into our body and to the lungs. How our lungs work and muscles and other organs that help the lungs do their jobs. Now you know everything about the respiratory system and how it works. Which means now you know whats going on inside your body.
The main purpose of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Our digestion is responsible for breaking down our food into small molecules which then gets absorbed into our body. Once our food gets broken down it will head to the small intestine which collects nutrients. After that process it goes to the large intestine so it can collect water. After that are food is ready to come out.
We have our mouth which is a hollow cavity that allows air to enter our body. The hollow cavity is formed by the space between the lips, cheeks, and tongue. In the digestive system we have mechanical digestion. This is the process of breaking down our food into smaller pieces so it can be digested. Our teeth chop this food up till it is small enough to pass. Then we have chemical digestion which is the process of reducing food to a size where nutrients can be contained in the blood stream. Chemical digestion starts in the mouth when food enters and encounters saliva. We also have our tongue a strip of tissue called the lingual frenulum which connects the bottom of our tongue to the floor of our mouth. The root of our tongue is firmly anchored to the mouth. Next we have our bolus which is a mass of food that has been chewed. Usually when are bolus is ready it travels down the esophagus to the stomach for digestion. Now lets talk about our esophagus which is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Our esophagus is anywhere from 18 to 25 centimeters long. Then we have Peristalsis which is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves our food to different kinds processing stations in our digestive tract. Then we have reverse peristalsis which is irritation to the stomach like bacteria or food poisoning, activates the emetic center of our brain which turns a signal to vomiting. Next our stomach which is a hollow part in the digestive system is the most important organ in our digestive tract. If it were not for our stomachs storage we would have to eat a lot more times a day just instead of a few. Our digestive juices are produced by the gland that lines our stomach. Then we also have our pancreas that produces a juice containing several enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food. The small intestine is a long, highly convoluted tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from all the food we eat. The small intestine is given it’s name because it’s only 1 inch in diameter. The villi are finger-like projections in our small intestine that help us absorb food more efficiently in our body’s. Villi are also covered with microvilli. The purpose of both these structures are to increase the small intestine’s surface area so that our nutrient absorption can get enhanced. Our foods and drinks get absorbed into our bloodstream by turning into smaller molecules before our blood absorbs them. Our body turns these molecules into carbohydrates, protein, fats, and vitamins. Our pancreas is a glandular organ and really serves as two glands in one. They serve as a digestive exocrine gland and a hormone-producing endocrine gland.When it Functions as an exocrine gland, are pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in the food we eat. A pancreatic enzymes are pills that help us digest our food .Certain types of medical problems we have can cause our pancreas to produce less enzymes that are needed for digestion. Our liver is a roughly triangular accessory organ that is located to the right of the stomach. Our liver weighs about 3 pounds and is the second largest organ in the human body. Then we have bile which is a bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by our liver. A bile is produced continuously by our liver, and is stored and concentrated in our gallbladder. Next we have the large intestine which is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract that performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting our digested food into feces.The large intestine is about 5 feet in length and 2.5 inches in diameter in the body. Water gets into our bloodstream by getting absorbed in the small intestines and going directly into the bloodstream to be processed and used by various organs. Overall it takes 5 minutes to a total of 120 minutes for water we digest to fully absorb into our bloodstream from the time we drank the water. Last we have the anus. The anus is a canal at the end of our digestive tract through which feces are expelled. It is about five inches long.
As you can see these are all the parts of our body that help us digest food. Without all of these part our food would just sit in us and couldn’t get turned into nutrients, etc. If our body didn’t collect nutrients then we would always be slow and lazy. As you can see our digestive system is very important. Now you know how all of your food gets digested.
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect our organs with the rest of our body. Together all these parts are in control of the communication between the body. Our brain and spinal cord are the control center. This is just a little about the nervous system so now read the next two paragraphs below to learn more.
Our brain gives us awareness of ourselves and of our environment. Our brain controls our muscle movements, the secretions of our glands, and even our breathing and also internal temperature. Then we have our cerebrum, which develops from the front portion of our forebrain, and is the largest part of the mature brain. Our cerebrum consists of two large masses, called cerebral hemispheres, which are almost mirror images of each other. They are connected by a deep bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum and are separated by a layer called a falx cerebri. Now we have the cerebellum which is a rounded structure located behind our brain stem, which are linked by thick nerve tract. The cerebellum mainly helps with posture and balance and the coordination of our movement. Next he medulla oblongata which is an enlarged continuation of our spinal cord that extends up into the pons (a large bulge under the brain stem). On each side of our medulla oblongata is an oval swelling that is called the olive, from which a large bundle of nerve fibers arises and passes up into our cerebellum.
Now we have are nerves which are an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons. Our nerves provide a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of our axons to peripheral organs. One nerve that we have is the Sensory nerves which are vessels of the peripheral nervous system that carry signals toward our brain in response to stimuli. Another nerve that we have is the motor nerve which is a nerve that carries impulses from our central nervous system which triggers our muscles to contract. All of the voluntary muscles in our body are controlled by our motor nerves, this means that any time someone decides to move, our motor nerves are involved. Next we have our spinal cord which consists of thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves. They are all mixed nerves, and they provide a two-way communication system between our spinal cord and parts of our arms, legs, neck and trunk of our body. Now we have neurons which are the basic data processing units, the 'chips', of our brain. Each neuron receives electric inputs from about 1000 other neurons. Next the synapse which is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. Our Synapses are essential to neuronal function: neurons are cells that are
specialized to pass signals to our individual target cells, and synapses are the means by which they do so. Our Dendrites are an important part of nerve cells. Our dendrites are responsible for picking up information from our neighboring neurons and transmitting all of the information to the cell body. Dendrite derives from the Greek word tree which describes their branching tree-like structure. Last we have axons which is a long, branching cell structure that is unique to nerve cells. Axons are a long, slender projection of a nerve cell.
As you can see the nervous system is very important. Some of our nerves even control our voluntary muscles. All the parts of our brain and our nerves help send signals to the body. Without our nerves we couldn’t feel anything (pain or illness). Some people might think thats cool but it can result in death early in your life. Now you know how important the nervous system is.
As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
Now you have read all about our human body and how it works 24/7 for us. I hope that you learned a lot and that you can apply some of this information to your everyday life.
Bibliography:
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The skeletal system is responsible for giving us support, structure, and protection and works together with the muscular system to move our body. Our muscles pull our bones, which allows us to move, jump, and run! The muscular system actually plays an important role in delivering oxygen to our body’s cells. Without the heart, one of our most important muscles, blood wouldn’t be able to travel around our body! Luckily for us, the blood travels through our lungs, where it drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen that our cells are craving. Speaking of craving, did you ever know that the main purpose of our digestive system isn’t just to digest food? It’s job is actually to take nutrients and water out of what we eat and drink and then deliver it to the circulatory system where it gets delivered to the cells in our body. But none of these systems would work without the direction of our nervous system!
Now let’s get right into it with the skeletal system, where you’ll learn how our bones help us move and protect our organs.
The skeletal system has several important jobs to do in our body. It is responsible for creating blood cells, providing our body with support and structure, and enabling us to move. We have several bones that are responsible for protecting our organs like the ribs protect our heart and lungs, and the skull protects our brain! Bones cannot move unless joined together at joints. Ligaments connect our bones together and cartilage prevents them from rubbing together which would be painful! We are so lucky to have strong, powerful, yet moveable bones in our body!
The bones in our body are made up of four distinct layers. Each of these layers has important responsibilities and are vital to our day-to-day life. The outer layer of bone is called compact bone. Compact bone is solid throughout and enables our body to be supported. Compact bone is so dense that surgeon’s need to use a saw to cut through it. The next layer of bone is called spongy bone and it is lightweight and porous, which prevents our bones from getting too heavy, but still be strong. It makes up about 20% of our skeleton, and it’s found mostly in long bones, joints, and in our spine. The center of many bones are filled with a gelatinous substance called bone marrow. Bone marrow is responsible for creating red blood cells and some of our white blood cells. Bone marrow also makes platelets for our circulatory system. In addition, bone marrow stores iron for when our body needs it. We have two different types of bone marrow: yellow and red. We are born with red marrow, but it slowly changes to yellow over time. Finally, the outermost part of bone is covered in periosteum, a thin, fibrous membrane that covers all bones. The membrane is responsible for helping to create new bone in children and does the same when adults sustain an injury. The periosteum is the site at which ligaments, tendons, and muscles attach to bone! It also contains the blood vessels that allow nutrients and oxygen to the get to the bones! Knowing the four layers of bones can help us to understand just how complex our human body really is!
Have you ever wondered what the joints in your body do? What types of joints are there? The first joint is cartilage. This joint is a type of connective tissue in the body. There are a couple of different kinds of cartilage. The first is Hyaline cartilage which makes up the majority of cartilage found in the body. The second kind is Elastic cartilage which is more flexible because of the fibers it has. The next joint is called a ligament. A ligament is a stretchy band that connects one bone to another. This joint is a key part in what allows us to move. They help us to control our range of motion, and stabilize them so that our bones can move in proper alignment. Another joint is a gliding joint. These joints allow our bones to glide past one another in any direction. We can go up, down, left, right, and diagonally. These joints can also have slight rotations but is limited by the shape of the bone. The next joint only gives a forward and backward motion. This joint is called a hinge joint. This joint does not allow any other movement besides forward and backward motion. You might also know this joint as the ginglymus. Our hinge joint represents a door hinge. And just like a hinge it needs to get properly lubricated. Our next joint is called a pivot joint. A pivot joint is a circular bone that rotates upon the axis of another bone. In our whole body there are only three pivot joints. They are located at the base of our neck and in both elbows. Finally our last joint is the ball and socket joints. The ball and socket joints have the most freedom out of all the joints do it’s unique structure. The shoulder and hip joints are the only ball-and-socket joints in the human body due to the need for great motion. These are all of the joints in our body. Hope you enjoyed!
As you can see, the skeletal system many important jobs to do. It allows us to stand straight up, move our body around, and protects our most important organs. However the skeletal system can’t move our body by itself. It needs the help of our muscular system as well.
In our muscular we have two main groups. One group does it’s work on it’s own. Like for example are heart works without command. Our other group needs commands to operate. These muscles will not do what they need to unless the brain tells them to. Now your going to learn about those two muscle groups.
In the muscular system we have our voluntary muscles. Or voluntary muscles are the muscles that we can control. If we want to walk, run, or jump it’s are voluntary muscles that do it. The first voluntary muscle we have is the skeletal muscle which is a muscle striated tissue that attaches to bone. Our skeletal muscle looks like it is composed of fibers, therefore it looks like a mixture of dark and light rubber bands. The skeletal muscle is also responsible for contracting and relaxing when a person’s body moves. Whenever you create tension and then release the tension the muscle has to relax. When these muscles relax they require less oxygen. By contracting all it is saying is muscle fibers generating tension. A tendon is also a voluntary muscle. Our tendons are tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone. Our normal healthy tendons are composed of mostly parallel arrays of collagen fibers that are packed closely together. Now for the last two muscles triceps and biceps. Our biceps are a two headed muscle that lies on our upper arm between the shoulder and elbow. The triceps sit at the back of the arm. It starts at the back of the shoulder and end of the elbow. Now let’s go learn about our involuntary muscles. That’s all about are voluntary muscles! Now you know everything about them!!
Our opposite muscles from the voluntary muscles are the involuntary muscles. Our involuntary muscles do not need the brain to send our muscle signals they know what to do without a commande. They know there job and keep on doing it. The first voluntary muscle is the Cardiac Muscles. This muscle is our heart. So this means the cardiac muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Found around the cardiac muscle is involuntary striated muscle. This is found on the walls and histological foundation of the heart. We also have our smooth muscle. The smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the Stomach, Oesophagus, Bronchi and in the walls of blood vessels. Smooth muscles also control its movements just like an involuntary muscle is suppose to do. Smooth muscle can also be found in the digestive system. Our digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert all are food into energy to provide basic nutrients to our body. Our food passes through a long tube inside the body called the alimentary canal. Now that you have learned what are involuntary muscles are, that’s all to know!! So now you have learned everything about what involuntary muscles are!!
As you can see, our muscular system is very important. It is in charge for pumping blood to our body and providing nutrients and energy. It allows us to move around. Our muscles are very important part in our body that keep us going through the day.
Now we are going to learn about our circulatory system. We are going to learn about four groups. How are blood works and what's in our blood. What are blood vessels are and the four chambers of our heart. Also why the circulatory system is important.
In are circulatory system we have our blood. Blood is a combination of plasma and cells that float in it. Our blood is essential for good health because the body depends on a steady supply of fuel and oxygen. One of the cells that we have are the white blood cells. They defend the body against infections. They will even fight cells such as cancer cells. Another cell is the red blood cells. Red blood cells are shaped like slightly indented, flattened disks. They contain hemoglobin which is a type of protein that has iron in it. It transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and cells. We also have our Platelets which are involved in blood clotting. When we bleed our platelets clump together to make a clot. Last we have plasma which looks a clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood. This is our largest component of human blood, comprising about 55 percent, and contains water, salts, enzymes, antibodies and other proteins.
The blood vessels in our body transports blood through the human body. We have three major blood vessels which are the arteries, capillaries, and veins. Our arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from our heart. While most of our arteries carry oxygenated blood, there are two exceptions to this, the pulmonary and the umbilical. Then we have our veins which carry blood to the heart. Our veins are less muscular than are arteries but are found closer to our skin. Then we have are capillaries which serve to distribute oxygenated blood from arteries to the tissues of our body. They also feed deoxygenated blood from the tissues back into our veins. These are the smallest blood vessels.
Our heart sends blood around our body. It provides our body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. We have four chambers of our heart. Two atria and two ventricles. The four chambers provide a multiple pathway for blood to be sent to our lungs for respiration and then dispensed to our body's cells to keep us alive. We have are left atrium which receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins. The left atrium get it’s blood supply from the left circumflex coronary artery. Then we have are left ventricle which is located on the bottom left corner of the heart. Our left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues all over are body. We also have our right atrium which receives deoxygenated blood from are three major veins. They are the superior, inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus. And last we have are right ventricle which is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood through the lungs. As deoxygenated blood travels through the right atrium it passes the tricuspid valve and into our right ventricle.
As you can see are circulatory system is very important. We have ojh blood which helps provides us fuel and oxygen. Then we have are blood vessels which transport all of our blood through our body. And last but not least our heart and it’s chambers. This helps provide us nutrients and oxygen. As you can see are circulatory helps us live regular and healthy lives!
Our respiratory system is very important. The 3 major parts of our respiratory system are the airway, lungs, and muscles of respiration. This helps air enter our body and then into our lungs. Our lungs help us breath and our nose and mouth take air into our body.
Air enters our body by the nose or mouth when we inhale. Then it will travel down the back of our throat to are windpipe. The mouth and nose are both where air enter into our body. The air travels down the trachea to the lungs, where the oxygen passes
into the bloodstream. Then we have are nasal passage which has tiny hairs in the nose that trap unwanted particles. Then our mucus will catch germs before they go too far in our respiratory system. Next we have our epiglottis which is a little flap in our throat that blocks the windpipe when food or liquid is being swallowed. Our epiglottis is made out of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane that is attached to the entrance of our larynx which is our vocal cords. The larynx is responsible for making noise and helping us swallow and breathe. In are larynx are vocal cords are made of twin infoldings of mucous membrane that are stretched horizontally across the larynx. Our vocal vibrate every time we produce sound. Then are voice box which is in our larynx is an organ in the neck of mammals thats two inches long. Our voice box helps protection of the trachea and sound production. Our trachea is a wide hollow tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. It is an internal part of our body’s airway and provides airflow to and from the lungs.
Air moves in our lungs when we inhale and the air comes in from our mouth or nose and it travels down the back of our throat and then into your trachea. Then our trachea divides into air passages called bronchial tubes. Our lungs are like balloon type structure in our chest that bring oxygen in your body. The lungs are spongy organs optimized for gas exchange between our blood and air. Our bronchial tube helps air get to our lungs. The bronchial tubes let air in and out of our lungs so we can breath. Then we have our bronchi which are also bronchus. Our trachea divides into two tubes called the bronchi that carry air to air lungs. Bronchioles are brouncus just divided into smaller tubes. The bronchioles are a branch of tiny tubes within our lungs. Then we have are avelio were the bronchioles end up. There sacs blow up like little balloons when you breathe in. Then theres the exchange between gases. Gas exchange is a biological transfer between gases. Gas exchange is a primary function of the respiratory system.
As you have seen the respiratory system is very important. You learned how air gets into our body and to the lungs. How our lungs work and muscles and other organs that help the lungs do their jobs. Now you know everything about the respiratory system and how it works. Which means now you know whats going on inside your body.
The main purpose of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Our digestion is responsible for breaking down our food into small molecules which then gets absorbed into our body. Once our food gets broken down it will head to the small intestine which collects nutrients. After that process it goes to the large intestine so it can collect water. After that are food is ready to come out.
We have our mouth which is a hollow cavity that allows air to enter our body. The hollow cavity is formed by the space between the lips, cheeks, and tongue. In the digestive system we have mechanical digestion. This is the process of breaking down our food into smaller pieces so it can be digested. Our teeth chop this food up till it is small enough to pass. Then we have chemical digestion which is the process of reducing food to a size where nutrients can be contained in the blood stream. Chemical digestion starts in the mouth when food enters and encounters saliva. We also have our tongue a strip of tissue called the lingual frenulum which connects the bottom of our tongue to the floor of our mouth. The root of our tongue is firmly anchored to the mouth. Next we have our bolus which is a mass of food that has been chewed. Usually when are bolus is ready it travels down the esophagus to the stomach for digestion. Now lets talk about our esophagus which is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. Our esophagus is anywhere from 18 to 25 centimeters long. Then we have Peristalsis which is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves our food to different kinds processing stations in our digestive tract. Then we have reverse peristalsis which is irritation to the stomach like bacteria or food poisoning, activates the emetic center of our brain which turns a signal to vomiting. Next our stomach which is a hollow part in the digestive system is the most important organ in our digestive tract. If it were not for our stomachs storage we would have to eat a lot more times a day just instead of a few. Our digestive juices are produced by the gland that lines our stomach. Then we also have our pancreas that produces a juice containing several enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food. The small intestine is a long, highly convoluted tube in the digestive system that absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from all the food we eat. The small intestine is given it’s name because it’s only 1 inch in diameter. The villi are finger-like projections in our small intestine that help us absorb food more efficiently in our body’s. Villi are also covered with microvilli. The purpose of both these structures are to increase the small intestine’s surface area so that our nutrient absorption can get enhanced. Our foods and drinks get absorbed into our bloodstream by turning into smaller molecules before our blood absorbs them. Our body turns these molecules into carbohydrates, protein, fats, and vitamins. Our pancreas is a glandular organ and really serves as two glands in one. They serve as a digestive exocrine gland and a hormone-producing endocrine gland.When it Functions as an exocrine gland, are pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids in the food we eat. A pancreatic enzymes are pills that help us digest our food .Certain types of medical problems we have can cause our pancreas to produce less enzymes that are needed for digestion. Our liver is a roughly triangular accessory organ that is located to the right of the stomach. Our liver weighs about 3 pounds and is the second largest organ in the human body. Then we have bile which is a bitter-tasting, dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by our liver. A bile is produced continuously by our liver, and is stored and concentrated in our gallbladder. Next we have the large intestine which is the final section of the gastrointestinal tract that performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting our digested food into feces.The large intestine is about 5 feet in length and 2.5 inches in diameter in the body. Water gets into our bloodstream by getting absorbed in the small intestines and going directly into the bloodstream to be processed and used by various organs. Overall it takes 5 minutes to a total of 120 minutes for water we digest to fully absorb into our bloodstream from the time we drank the water. Last we have the anus. The anus is a canal at the end of our digestive tract through which feces are expelled. It is about five inches long.
As you can see these are all the parts of our body that help us digest food. Without all of these part our food would just sit in us and couldn’t get turned into nutrients, etc. If our body didn’t collect nutrients then we would always be slow and lazy. As you can see our digestive system is very important. Now you know how all of your food gets digested.
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect our organs with the rest of our body. Together all these parts are in control of the communication between the body. Our brain and spinal cord are the control center. This is just a little about the nervous system so now read the next two paragraphs below to learn more.
Our brain gives us awareness of ourselves and of our environment. Our brain controls our muscle movements, the secretions of our glands, and even our breathing and also internal temperature. Then we have our cerebrum, which develops from the front portion of our forebrain, and is the largest part of the mature brain. Our cerebrum consists of two large masses, called cerebral hemispheres, which are almost mirror images of each other. They are connected by a deep bridge of nerve fibers called the corpus callosum and are separated by a layer called a falx cerebri. Now we have the cerebellum which is a rounded structure located behind our brain stem, which are linked by thick nerve tract. The cerebellum mainly helps with posture and balance and the coordination of our movement. Next he medulla oblongata which is an enlarged continuation of our spinal cord that extends up into the pons (a large bulge under the brain stem). On each side of our medulla oblongata is an oval swelling that is called the olive, from which a large bundle of nerve fibers arises and passes up into our cerebellum.
Now we have are nerves which are an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons. Our nerves provide a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of our axons to peripheral organs. One nerve that we have is the Sensory nerves which are vessels of the peripheral nervous system that carry signals toward our brain in response to stimuli. Another nerve that we have is the motor nerve which is a nerve that carries impulses from our central nervous system which triggers our muscles to contract. All of the voluntary muscles in our body are controlled by our motor nerves, this means that any time someone decides to move, our motor nerves are involved. Next we have our spinal cord which consists of thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves. They are all mixed nerves, and they provide a two-way communication system between our spinal cord and parts of our arms, legs, neck and trunk of our body. Now we have neurons which are the basic data processing units, the 'chips', of our brain. Each neuron receives electric inputs from about 1000 other neurons. Next the synapse which is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. Our Synapses are essential to neuronal function: neurons are cells that are
specialized to pass signals to our individual target cells, and synapses are the means by which they do so. Our Dendrites are an important part of nerve cells. Our dendrites are responsible for picking up information from our neighboring neurons and transmitting all of the information to the cell body. Dendrite derives from the Greek word tree which describes their branching tree-like structure. Last we have axons which is a long, branching cell structure that is unique to nerve cells. Axons are a long, slender projection of a nerve cell.
As you can see the nervous system is very important. Some of our nerves even control our voluntary muscles. All the parts of our brain and our nerves help send signals to the body. Without our nerves we couldn’t feel anything (pain or illness). Some people might think thats cool but it can result in death early in your life. Now you know how important the nervous system is.
As you can see, the human body is a complicated, unique machine that does so many important things. Not only does it help you live, but it also helps you move, think, breathe, feel, and communicate! Can you possibly imagine what life would be like if we were missing even one of these important systems? If not, maybe a few of these valuable concepts will help you understand better:
- The bones in our body support and protect, while our muscles pull but never push!
- In addition, our blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to our cells, while the alveoli in our lungs exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen.
- Finally, our digestive system is responsible for extracting important nutrients and water from what we eat and drink, but we’d never be able to do any of these things without our amazing nervous system!
Now you have read all about our human body and how it works 24/7 for us. I hope that you learned a lot and that you can apply some of this information to your everyday life.
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